Stomach cancer represents a serious medical and social problem, both for most of the countries, and for Russia. Patients with chronic atrophic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia have increased risk of stomach adenocarcinoma development. This review summarizes the available international guidelines of patient management in atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and stomach dysplasia. 

From modern perspectives, the article considers issues of etiopathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of inflammatory intestinal diseases – ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Modern principles of treatment for patients with inflammatory intestinal diseases were given. A clinical case with non-typical complicated course of Crohn’s disease was described. 

Modern awareness of the role of food fibers in the management of metabolic syndrome as a whole, and of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in particular was presented, basing on the data from the most modern foreign literature. 

Progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is conditioned by genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, lifestyle and features of the metabolic syndrome, many of which overlap with hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the multifactorial nature of NAFLD and the limited number of sufficiently powerful studies are among the current limitations for validated biomarkers of clinical utility. Further studies incorporating the links between circadian regulation and hepatic metabolism may represent an additional direction in the search for predictive biomarkers of liver disease progression and treatment outcomes. 

The review article presents the main aspects of the pathogenic relationship between gallstone disease and metabolic syndrome, and the results of studies confirming its clinical significance. The article focuses on the loss of gallbladder function as a result of cholecystectomy and the metabolic consequences of this surgical intervention. 

The review article presents current data on water-electrolyte balance in healthy and pathological state. The diseases and conditions which occur in insipidary syndrome are described. The features of the clinical picture, diagnostic methods and treatment principles are considered. 

The article discusses the clinical and psychopathological features of orgasmic dysfunctions in men while maintaining the ejaculation. It presents an analysis of literature data on this issue. The modern principles of diagnosing such states within the framework of various mental disorders, clinical variants of their course, principles and tactics of treatment and rehabilitation measures are described. 

The article contains a review of current literature data on the use of gluten-free, casein-free and ketogenic diets in the complex treatment of children with autism spectrum disorders. The questions of laboratory diagnostics of intolerance of food components are considered, examples of clinical efficiency of correction of food, and also the researches reflecting lack of dynamics in sticking to the diets are given. 

The article highlights the information about seborrheic dermatitis, chronic inflammatory recurrent disease, manifested by increased production and changes in the qualitative composition of sebum. The data on the pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis and its causes are presented. The clinical forms of seborrheic dermatitis are considered in detail. The article describes the differential diagnosis and drug treatment of patients with seborrheic dermatitis. 

The article is focused on the current scientific evidence of the role of daily physical activity and special motor training in Alzheimer’s disease prevention as well as in slowing-down of cognitive decline in the already developed disease. 

A review of the literature on the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of papillomatosis confluent and reticulated Gougerot–Carteaud (PCR) is presented. The diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis of PCR are discussed. A 36-year-old man with obesity grade 2 and typical manifestations of PCR is described. The treatment with azithromycin during 6 days appeared to be sufficient to decrease the rash which had existed for 7 years. 

The article presents a review of mechanisms, diagnostics and possible predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence, as well as the analysis of available scientifically proved therapeutic approaches to the treatment of patients with this arrhythmia. The role of anticoagulant therapy both in the context of the strategy of «rate control» and in the use of the strategy of «rhythm control» is examined. 

The article presents the data of the analysis of the results of surgical treatment of myomatous nodes in 200 patients with uterine myoma who underwent myomectomy using various surgical approaches (laparoscopy, laparotomy, hysteroresectoscopy and combined approaches), the assessment of early postoperative period, long-term results of examination and reproductive outcomes of surgical treatment of patients with uterine myoma were done. 

The world health organization calls obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus a delayed disaster. There is a significant relationship between diabetes mellitus and the risk of cardiovascular events, cancer and cognitive impairment. Insulin resistance is considered one of the key links in the development of these diseases. For this reason, modern antidiabetic drugs should not only solve the problem of normalization of carbohydrate metabolism parameters, but also have pleiotropic properties, affecting the pathogenesis. This article discusses the therapeutic effect of technologically processed antibodies to the C-terminal fragment of the β-subunit of the insulin receptor in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity.