Intestinal microbiota (IM) plays a key role in colonic fermentation of oligosaccharides, in immunity modulation and in protection against conventionally pathogenic microorganisms. Colonization of gastrointestinal tract in newborns starts with participation of the mother’s vaginal flora and continuous due to breast feeding by means of breast milk oligosaccharides. Both bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are the most common representatives of IM with a number of physiologic effects. The new combined probiotic contains B. breve BR-03 and L. rhamnosus GG strains. Indications and other clinical aspects are discussed. 

Types of anaphylaxis - severe systemic reaction of hypersensitivity characterized by rapid beginning and life-threatening problems of respiratory tracts and blood circulation – were considered. The most wide-spread triggers of this condition and clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis were presented. 

Optimum therapeutic measures aimed at improving the outcomes of patients with neuromuscular spinal deformations against meningocele were developed. Materials and Methods: 8 patients aged 3 to 17 years with neuromuscular spinal deformations against meningocele, surgical treatment was performed one stage — and two-five patients — three patients, two patients underwent resection of the vertebral column (VCR). As a result of correction of scoliosis treatment an average of 62%, the value of thoracic / thoracolumbar kyphosis after surgery could bring to the physiological (40 degrees). 

The data on application of drugs for local therapy in rheumatic diseases, including transdermal therapy method were presented. The results of prospective randomized multi-center placebo-controlled studies were given. 

The first manifestation of atopic diseases in infancy and early childhood is connected with cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) and atopic dermatitis (AtD). CMPA is usually characterized by skin manifestations, gastrointestinal symptoms or in a mixed form. Atopic eczema performs with skin manifestation. Breast feeding is the best strategy for allergy prevention. In necessity of bottle feeding hypoallergenic formulas belong to the products of first line. Partial and extensive hydrolysates are intended for prevention of atopy, and extensive ones for dietetic treatment of AtD. Amino acid formulas are purposed for most resistant and severe cases. Soya based formulas have some particular indications as well, but only in case of their tolerance. 

Analysis of epidemiological data and clinical symptoms of 293 cases of measles in children under 17 years old, confirmed by immuno-enzyme analysis was performed. It was identified that the incidence of measles in Astrakhan region is characterized by the involvement in the epidemic process of children aged less than 1 year and aged 1 to 2 years, not vaccinated against measles, the infection of which occurred as a result of nosocomial outbreaks of the disease. Children of other age groups were more often infected as a result of measles being brought into organized children’s groups. The causes of measles vaccinated children can be: violations of immunization rules, unreliability of official data on vaccination against measles. It is possible to consider the need for additional revaccination against measles at the age of 16 years, which can contribute to the elimination of measles. 

The review aims to bring together the current understanding regarding the pathogenesis of endometriosis with specific focus on mechanisms behind vascularization of the lesions and the contribution of immune factors in facilitating lesion formation and development. The role of hormones, immune cells, and cytokine signaling is highlighted, in addition to discussing the current pharmaceutical options available for management of pain symptoms in women with endometriosis. 

The article presents the possible features of the clinical course of paraneoplastic syndrome and its similarity to other diseases, which, considering modern diagnostic accessibility, will reveal the tumor long before its clinical manifestation. 

The article presents results of the study whose objective was efficiency assessment for application of ursodeoxycholic acid in the frameworks of minimization of hepatotoxic action of antibacterial drugs included in the composition of classical triple scheme of eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection. 

The article describes the results of the study of the health of petrochemical workers and environmental factors affecting the state of the cardiovascular system. The analysis revealed a high prevalence of risk factors such as smoking (31.3%), regular stress (42.8% women and 28.6% men), hypodynamics (20.8%), lack of adequate nutrition (44.2%). The vast majority of workers (79.2%) estimate their level of attention to cardiovascular disease prevention as insufficient. The obtained data make it necessary to develop a new program of preventive measures at petrochemical plants in the implementation.

Over the years, outbreaks of listeriosis around the world have been recorded with a high mortality rate, especially in patients with immunosuppressive conditions. There is a need for constant epidemic and clinical alertness about this pathology. Given the high mortality rate and the variety of clinical forms of listeriosis, an adequate assessment of the epidemiological and medical history data, as well as the use of extended range of laboratory confirmations of the diagnosis, are required. WHO recommendations for the prevention of listeriosis are similar to those for the prevention of other foodborne diseases.