The data on the existing knowledge in the field of intestinal microbiota influence on human diseases were presented, in particular, non-alcoholic fat liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, inflammatory intestinal diseases and infectious gastrointestinal diseases. Possibility of intestinal microbiota correction in wide-spread liver diseases was evaluated, considering the recent and most significant evidence related to antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics and metabiotics. 

The current data about patient management strategy of dyspepsia syndrome at outpatient stage are reported in the review. 

We have been studied and analyzed the features of the clinical course of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease in the Tomsk region, with an emphasis on the forecasting factors of severe clinical course. 

An important role in the development and progression of inflammatory bowel diseases belongs to environmental factors, in particular, the intestinal microbiota. Advances in the technology of genomic sequencing made it possible to establish that it is the change in the composition of the intestinal microbiota that triggers the inflammation in the intestine, and not vice versa, as it was previously thought. 

Complex study of management strategy for patients with chronic gastritis was done at pre-clinical and clinical stages in real clinical practice. The schemes of treatment applied in hospital and those recommended for outpatient application were shown, their functional and economic efficiency was estimated. 

The article presents the clinical assessment data for efficiency and safety of hepatoprotector and spasmolytic administration in patients with metabolic syndrome. Application of ursodeoxycholic acid preparation in 500 mg dosage, and selective spasmolytic based on mebeverin, contribute to significant improvement of the condition and state, optimize quality of life for this group of patients. They are effective and safe, which allows to recommend inclusion of these drugs in the complex therapy of metabolic syndrome. 

While standard diets, changes in the way of life, and pathogenically oriented methods of treatment of non-alcoholic fat liver disease are often ineffective, it is necessary to develop new approaches aimed to other targets. Under the conditions of damaged intestinal barrier (“leaking bowel”), and bowel- liver axis, it is possible to improve natural interaction between the intestinal bacteria and peptic receptors, which contributes to the following course of events: oxidative stress, insulin-resistance, liver inflammation and fibrosis. The article also highlights possibility of intestinal microbiota modulation with probiotics. 

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) refers to primary thrombotic microangiopathy in whose pathogenesis, the main role belongs to damage to the endothelial lining of glomerular capillaries, hemolysis, activation and consumption of platelets with subsequent coagulation primarily with renal vessels. HUS remains a major cause of childhood AKI. In the age aspect GUS more often develops in children from 1 year to 5 years. 

Approaches to conducting patients with gout or hyperuricemy were considered, the necessity of screening and correction of purine, lipid and hydrocarbon metabolism was indicated, as well as the measures directed to prevention of cardiovascular complications. 

Currently, one of the most discussed issue in medicine is importance of omega-3 fatty acids for human body. There are several types of omega fatty acids: omega-9, omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated lipids. There are clear distinctions among them, both by chemical structure, and by influence on human body. It is the excess of omega-6 that leads to sluggish inflammatory process in the vascular walls, joints, heart and brain. The article covers action mechanisms and effects of omega-3 fatty acids in different diseases. The questions of correlation of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in nutrition are considered, as well as norms of consuming omega-3 fatty acids in prevention and treatment of different diseases. 

Rheumatic diseases retain the status of an important problem for modern practical health care and scientific activities. Uncertainty about the occurrence, the severity of the disease, the rapid decline in functional abilities, the need to take drugs lead to the loss of patients’ ability to carry out important activities, the loss of professional independence, reduce the quality of life of patients. 

The article gives a description of lymphoma in HIV infection. Our own observations of cases of diffuse B-cells lymphoma diagnosed at the late stages of HIV infection are presented. There is a variety of clinical manifestations and localization of the process, difficulties in diagnosis when combined with other AIDS-indicating diseases. 

The article presents results of a prospective assessment of changes in aortic root in individuals with undifferentiated congenital connective tissue dysplasia using a modified method for determining the reference diameter of the aortic root and the possibility of medical treatment of aortic root enlargement in the presence of connective tissue dysplasia. 

The article covers modern data on a rare disease — amelanotic melanoma, as well as the most significant clinical and dermatoscopic key points in the primary diagnostics of amelanotic melanoma. The authors describe their own clinical observation of primary amelanotic melanoma.