The review article describes the current data on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, genetic diagnosis, and treatment tactics for hypoaldosteronism in children and adolescents. Phenotypic signs typical for this syndrome are described. 

Importance of early diagnostics of gender differentiation disorders in children is discussed, different manifestations of this pathology are described so that they could be included in the spectrum of diagnostic search. We presented a clinical observation of two patients with gender formation disorders with karyotype 46ХУ, with identified mutations in the same gene of steroidogenic factor NR5A1, whom, on their birth, official female gender was given. 

Cytokines and endothelin-1 statins effect in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) was assessed. The study involved 53 patients with COPD in combination with type 2 DM. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the main group which took rosuvastatin 10 mg/day continuously throughout the year; comparison group, which interrupted statins treatment for more than 1 month for a year. All the patients were examined at primary examination and in dynamics (in 12 months). Regular rosuvastatin administration in patients with COPD in combination with type 2 DM contributed to the DM compensation, lipid spectrum parameters improvement; imbalance in the cytokine system (IL-4 concentration increase and TNF-α decrease) reduction and endothelin-1 concentration decrease in comparison with patients who discontinued statins treatment during the year. 

Climacteric syndrome (CS) is a pathological condition that occurs in a significant part of women in the menopause. Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is recognized as the most effective treatment for menopausal disorders. However, in real clinical practice, not all women in the transition due to various reasons can use MHT. Alternative (non-hormonal) treatment methods can be used to alleviate the symptoms of CS. The article describes the main alternative methods of treating CS. It is indicated that a positive effect of these methods on the course of CS to a certain extent may be associated with the placebo effect. 

There is evidence in the literature that there is a relationship between nutritional characteristics and the occurrence of endometriosis. This article presents literature data on this topic from the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and Science Citation Index Expanded. Eleven studies were identified: 10 control cases and one cohort study. Women with endometriosis consume fewer vegetables and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and more red meat, coffee, and TRANS fats. This study is an overview and the data and the relationship between diet and risk factors for endometriosis require further study. 

An obstetrician-gynecologist of the women’s clinic to whom a married couple with complaints about the absence of pregnancy addresses for the first time, must clearly know the basic algorithm of the examination, medical tactics, and conservative methods of treatment in patients with endocrine disorders. The primary care specialist must also know the indications for surgical treatment and send the patient to the surgical hospital in a timely manner. When conducting examinations and traditional treatment of the detected pathology together with an endocrinologist, the obstetrician-gynecologist should always think and remember the terms of traditional treatment, in order not to miss the «Golden period» for in vitro fertilization. 

Breast milk is the standard for feeding infants in their first year of life. However, in the Russian Federation, less than half of children under 3 months of age receive breastfeeding, which makes it relevant to choose an adapted mixture for both parents and pediatricians. The composition and characteristics of goat milk allow us to recommend adapted infant formula based on it for the successful artificial feeding of infants. The article presents data on the safety and good tolerance of goat milk-based formulas, and the positive effect of these formulas on digestion in children up to a year is emphasized. 

The article presents analysis results for the works published during 25 years, dedicated to efficiency and safety of application of human recombinant interferon alpha-2b. The results of the studies on efficiency and safety of application of human recombinant interferon alpha-2b for treatment of influenza and acute viral respiratory infections in children were summarized and assessed. 

In the article, we compare available domestic and international recommendations on diagnostics and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in order to develop optimum solution for pediatric practice. Existing contradictions between different recommendations and absence of connection with domestic reality complicates pediatrician’s work. The situation requires development of relevant and agreed recommendations for pediatrics. The article discusses indications for Helicobacter pylori erradication, available methods of diagnostics and anti-helicobacter therapy, the ways of existing problem solution are presented.