Analysis of urinary excretion of cytokines and growth factors indicates the prevalence of fibrogenesis inflammation in progression of chronic kidney disease. 

Approaches to enuresis treatment in children were considered. A number of diagnostic and therapeutic mistakes made by pediatricians was revealed; these mistakes in aggregate lead to significant reduction of efficiency of treatment of patients with urination disorders and enuresis, and late revealing of concomitant pathology. 

The article presents data on urogenital candidiasis caused by yeast-like Candida fungi. The etiological and pathogenic mechanisms leading to the development of the disease are given, the risk factors for urogenital candidiasis are described in detail. The article reveals information about the diagnosis of urogenital candidiasis and methods of treatment and prevention for patients with this pathology. 

The article presents data on urogenital Mycoplasma infection. Etiological and pathogenic mechanisms leading to the development of the disease, risk factors for urogenital Mycoplasma infection are described in detail. The data on clinical manifestations of the disease, including in children and adolescents, the effect of Mycoplasma infection on the reproductive function of men and women are presented. The article reveals information about the diagnosis and therapy of Mycoplasma infection of the urogenital tract. 

Approaches to diagnostics and treatment of Gaucher’s disease in children were considered. A clinical case is given. 

Bacterial lysates have long history of use for prevention of respiratory infections in vulnerable groups of population, such as children. In the last decades, we can observe increase both of the quantity, and the quality of the studies which provide new data on the mechanisms of their action, as well as clinical data on therapeutic and preventive potential of this group of drugs in respect of respiratory infections and other diseases (bronchial asthma) in pediatric population. Bacterial lysates intensify congenital and adaptive immune responses to the infection of respiratory-tract mucous membrane, and have anti-inflammatory effects. 

The article is largely focused on breast feeding support and lactation stimulation. Modern approaches to supplementary feeding introduction in children were given. Features of the composition of adapted milk mixtures for healthy children, created on the basis of cow’s and goat’s milk were considered. 

Vitamin D-dependent and vitamin D-resistant forms of rickets are covered in the lecture. Contemporary principles of approach to their diagnostics and management in pediatric patients are considered. 

At the preclinical stage diabetes mellitus can be diagnosed based on laboratory studies of blood glucose and detection of autoantibodies to insulin (IAA), islet cells (ICA), glutamate decarboxylase (GADA), tyrosine phosphatase (IA2A) and zinc transporter (ZnT8A). This article describes a case of preclinical type 1 diabetes mellitus with positive seroconversion to several types of autoantibodies. This suggests a clinical manifestation of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the forthcoming years. 

The article presents the main directions of therapeutic measures for biliary dysfunction in children with connective tissue dysplasia, including diet, motor activity and drug treatment. 

In the above clinical observation, attention is drawn to the late diagnosis and inadequate treatment of diffuse toxic goiter in a puberty patient, which lead to a fatal outcome due to the formation of severe complications. 

The article presents the results of retrospective analysis of medical records of inpatients, protocols of pathologic anatomical autopsies, results of morphological study of the placenta and protocols of the committees studying the fatal outcomes in children who died in the intensive care unit during 10 years (2008–2018). In 50% of cases, the death was caused by bacterial sepsis and congenital pneumonia, which seems to be the main reserve for reducing infant mortality. 

Atopic dermatitis (AD) makes its debut in early childhood and is considered as the first step of the «atopic march», being a significant risk factor for the formation of other atopic diseases: allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Complex therapy of AD should include not only anti-inflammatory drugs, but also means which restore the barrier function of the skin (emollient). Without adequate skin care, the disease becomes severe and contributes to the involvement of new target organs in the inflammatory process. 

Infectious mononucleosis is a viral, widely-spread disease characterized by systemacy of the lesion, with involvement of lymphoid organs and tissues, cardiovascular and immune systems, marrow, liver, spleen and other organs in the pathological process. Comparative study of clinical and laboratory indices in the acute period of infectious mononucleosis was conducted, including treatment with human recombinant interferon alpha-2b, along with highly active antioxidants — C and E vitamins. 

The review summarize existing international recommendations for managing patients with atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and gastric dysplasia. It is shown that patients with chronic anthropic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia have an increased risk of stomach adenocarcinoma development. Helicobacter pylori eradication tends to relieve indications of chronic nonatrophic gastritis and can lead to partial regression of atrophic gastritis, and reduces the risk of stomach cancer development. 

The article covers clinical diversity of mitral prolapse, deliberating ambiguous prognosis in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and different tactics of their management. The greatest attention is paid to primary MVP as the only variant of mitral prolapse claiming nosological independence. The origin of a primary MVP as a consequence of congenital mesenchymal inferiority in the framework of hereditary connective tissue disorders is considered. 

The article covers the study of modern epidemiological and clinical features of acute HIV-infection, as well as analysis of efficiency of laboratory diagnostics. The literature review was presented, in comparison with the data of our own observations of 200 patients who were diagnosed with acute HIV-infection in hospital in 2017–2018. 

The article presents data on the main features typical for viral hepatitis B and C, describes differences in the structure of viruses, extra-hepatic clinical manifestations, mechanisms for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, considers new data on antiviral therapy and vaccination. The data of the original study of patients with chronic hepatitis B and C, in whom we assessed the function of the biliary tract, vegetative status and vegetative reactivity, content of tissue magnesium and zinc, are also given. 

This article discusses in detail the prevalence of rosacea among the population, the percentage and quantity of morbidity depending on sex, race and skin phototype, the clinical picture of four subtypes and one variant of rosacea. Rosacea is a topical problem due to the variety of clinical forms and the lack of clear data on the etiology. The presence of cosmetic defects exacerbates the emotional state of the patients. 

Pain is the main symptom of endometriosis. The mechanisms of endometriosis-associated pain include nociception, inflammation, and changes in the peripheral and Central nervous systems. Chronic pelvic pain in endometriosis leads to chronic fatigue, depression and lower quality of life. The features of chronic pelvic pain in endometriosis, modern methods of pain syndrome assessment are considered.