The article presents data on exfoliative dermatitis, characterized by diffuse erythema and skin peeling, affecting more than 90% of the total body surface. The most common diseases, previous to exfoliative dermatitis, are psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and other spongiotic dermatitis, drug hypersensitivity reaction (drug toxicodermia) and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The treatment is directed at the primary disease, symptomatic relief and prevention of potential systemic complications. 

The authors describe a clinical case of the rare tumor — skin leiomyoma in a 54-year-old patient. The authors describe clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis and pathomorphological picture of the disease. 

This article discusses in detail the clinical case of a patient diagnosed with rosacea, hypertrophic subtype, severe course. This patient was given a course of phototherapy with intense pulsed light. The clinical and dermatoscopic picture, the parameters of the procedure, as well as the effect after treatment are described in detail. Rosacea is a chronic dermatosis, it has a variety of clinical forms. This disease is an urgent problem of modern dermatovenerology due to the presence of cosmetic defects in patients. 

We report three cases of primary syphilis firstly diagnosed as rectal neoplasma and paraproctitis and describe the clinical and laboratory features of the diseases. Diagnostic problems of primary syphilis are discussed. Specialists should be aware of the possibility of syphilis when confronted with anorectal pathology in order to avoid incorrect diagnosis, inappropriate treatment, and delayed antibiotic therapy, and should gather a detailed history about sexual preferences, including homosexuality. 

HIV-infection is number one cause of mortality among all the infectious diseases in the Russian Federation. In cases of atypical clinical course early diagnosis is an issue, especially in primary health clinics, as clinical manifestation often carries polymorphic features. Thus, the late prescription of antiretroviral therapy, combined with opportunistic infections therapy often contributes to exacerbation of the patient’s condition, to severe complications and disability. This article discusses examples of such clinical cases. 

The article presents modern ideas of the issue of Epstein-Barr viral infection (EBVI) in children. Features of possible clinical course both of acute EBVI, which more often manifests as infectious mononucleosis, and of chronic forms, which, in recent years, are taking special role among persistent infections, were presented. The modern schemes of the therapeutic approach were given, including rehabilitation therapy and dispensary observation. 

The article covers the issue of clinical course of prolonged, acute respiratory infection, in spite of the therapy conducted according to the current guidelines. A case of antiviral and standard antibacterial therapy inefficiency in a patient was described. The clinical case demonstrates that community-acquired pneumonia may develop if there is no estimated effect in the relevant scheme of treatment, and the repeated course of etiotropic drug combination is required, as well as mucolytic and disintoxication therapy. 

Considering the world health organization’s strategic plans to combat measles, there is an urgent need for early diagnostics and prevention of the disease. Taking into account the growing incidence of measles in the Russian Federation and in the world as a whole, there is a need to develop clear criteria for the diagnostics of measles. The algorithm for diagnosing measles, presented in this article, allows to suspect this disease at the early stages. This allows timely isolation and, if necessary, hospitalization of patients with measles. 

The article substantiates importance of appropriate nutrition selection for children in acute respiratory infections. It was shown that optimum content of vitamins and probiotic components ensures immune response and contributes to the recovery. At the same time, adverse components of everyday food and water may increase the degree of intoxication. 

The article presents the experience of treatment of children suffering from chickenpox. 

The article presents the data of the analysis of clinical and instrumental researches in the publications of the results of the use of triterpene glycosides — lyophilized cyclamen extract — in the treatment of patients with rhinosinusitis, cited in PubMed and Cochrane Library. Most of the works contain data of observations, systematized by visual-analog scales, allowing to consider this therapy an effective adjunct treatment of rhinosinusitis, contributing to the adaptation of the nasal mucosa and application of standard therapy. 

Recently more and more cases of viral community-acquired pneumonia have been recorded. Laboratory markers (C-reactive protein, procalcitonin) can help diagnose this disease and determine its prognosis. When choosing an antimicrobial drug, data on antibiotic resistance, the presence of concomitant diseases, previous antibiotic therapy should be taken into consideration. An effective measure for the prevention of community-acquired pneumonia is vaccination against pneumococcus and influenza. 

The characteristics of changes in the quality of life (QOL) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tuberculosis (TB) and COPD + TB were analyzed. It was concluded that aggravation of COPD, comorbid presence of TB, as well as possible complications of COPD leads to lower quality of life of patients and requires a comprehensive approach to the management of these patients.