Azithromycin in the complex therapy of COVID-19. Advantages and effectiveness of the use of the dispersed form in outpatient settings

The article considers the combined infection of SARS-CoV-2 with other pathogens of lower respiratory tract infections. Special attention is paid to a mixed viral-bacterial infection that developed in an outpatient setting. The pathogenetic mechanisms of COVID-19 predisposing to the development of community-acquired pneumonia and their differential diagnostic criteria are considered. The necessity of reasonable prescribing of antibiotics is emphasized. The authors also point out the current lack of accurate data in the literature on the predominant pathogens of pneumonia in COVID-19. The algorithm of empirical antibacterial therapy of community-acquired pneumonia against the background of COVID-19 in outpatient settings is analyzed from the standpoint of modern methodological recommendations with an emphasis on dosage forms for oral administration. Indications for the appointment of macrolides, features of the clinical use of azithromycin, taking into account its spectrum of action, are considered. The advantages of azithromycin in comparison with other macrolides (clarithromycin, josamycin) are shown, its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects are considered. From the standpoint of pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic features, azithromycin (unlike other macrolides) has a concentration-dependent bactericidal effect, and therefore, the maximum eradication of microorganisms upon its administration is observed at a concentration that exceeds the minimum inhibitory concentration by about 10 times, while the time during which this concentration is retained, less significantly. On the one hand, this is associated with the possibility of its single use, and on the other, the degree and rate of absorption in the gastrointestinal tract directly determine the concentration of the drug in the tissues, and hence the clinical efficacy. The points of application of azithromycin in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection are considered. The advantages of the dosage form of the dispersed tablet in comparison with traditional dosage forms for oral administration are evaluated. The pharmacokinetic advantages of dispersed tablets in the form of their improved bioavailability, their favorable safety profile and ease of use in various categories of patients, as well as potentially higher clinical efficacy are analyzed.

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