Clinical case of acquired idiopatic aplastic anemia

Acquired idiopathic aplastic anemia is an extremely rare severe blood disease in which proliferation stops and blood stem cells die in the bone marrow, which is morphologically expressed in the replacement of functional BM cells with fat cells, as well as absolute pancytopenia. The disease is immune-mediated, according to the main theory, the development of the disease occurs as a result of a malfunction of the immune system, which in turn leads to autodestruction of hematopoietic stem cells, and leads to corresponding changes in blood tests and the appearance of characteristic symptoms. This disease is manifested mainly by three syndromes – anemic, hemorrhagic, toxic-infectious, which in turn determine the clinic and the severity of the disease. Despite the fact that this disease has been studied for more than 100 years, knowledge about it has always remained scarce, which did not allow effective management of patients in this group. This article describes a clinical case of acquired idiopathic aplastic anemia in a 7-year-old girl, with presented modern methods for diagnosing and treating this syndrome. The case described by us once again indicates that the etiology and pathogenesis of the syndrome at the present stage have not been studied enough, as a result of which the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology is difficult, and the developed methods of therapy at the current time are not enough to effectively treat most patients. Thus, the prognosis for these patients remains relatively unfavorable, since the selection of a bone marrow donor is quite complicated, as a result of the fact that the registry does not have a sufficient number of donors, there is a problem of selecting a donor according to tissue compatibility, and the transplant operation itself is associated with a large number of postoperative complications with the wrong approach. Conservative therapy, in turn, does not always have a sufficient therapeutic effect, necessary to improve the patient's condition.

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