The role of leptin as a biomarker of early kidney damage in obese patients

The defeat of the kidneys during obesity is a complex multifactor process, which is a whole cascade of mechanisms. A special role in this chain is given to leptin a hormone fatty tissue. The role of this hormone as a biomarker damage to the kidneys in obese patients was our scientific interest. A clinical study of 110 patients treated in the outpatient department of the Central Consultative and Diagnostic Polyclinic No. 1 of Tashkent city was conducted, divided into 2 groups: group I (n = 55) – patients with obesity and chronic kidney disease; group II (n = 55) – patients with obesity without chronic kidney disease.The control group included practically healthy volunteers from among patients and hospital staff belonging to that age group who do not have hypertension and abdominal obesity.The paper presents data on the evaluation of the functional state of the kidneys in the analyzed groups, the role of leptin in the progression of renal dysfunction in obese patients is determined. It was noted that in obese patients, there are more pronounced functional changes in the kidneys (microalbuminuria, increased leptin levels, decreased glomerular filtration rate). The study found that in patients with obesity that do not have routine clinical laboratory data for renal damage, microalbuminuria is detected in the 1st obesity group with chronic kidney disease 41,7 ± 1,68 mg/l, and in the control group 15,3 ± 0,85 mg/l. Based on the data obtained, the calculation of the glomerular filtration rate according to the chronic kidney disease EPI 2011 formula. (ml/min/1,73 m2) in obesity patients are preferable, since the detection of kidney lesion is greater in patients requiring a special examination, correction of therapy and dynamic observation.It has been shown that microalbuminuria and leptin are among the early markers of kidney damage in obesity. The levels of leptin, plasma insulin and microalbuminuria are significantly higher in obese patients.In patients with obesity in combination with nephropathy, significant correlations between the level of leptin, microalbuminuria and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were revealed. Application in the clinical practice of determining the level of carbohydrate, lipid exchange indicators, insulin resistance index and serum leptin is a perspective for diagnosing a renal lesion during obesity.

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