A case of medullary thyroid cancer, part of MEN 2B syndrome, in a child living in a region contaminated with radionuclides

Background. One of the most serious negative effects of radiation exposure is the activation of oncogenesis processes. In the F0 generation, the prevalence of malignant neoplasms is high, which is also observed in the F1 generation (children of parents who were exposed to radiation as children), especially in relation to thyroid cancer. Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN syndrome) is a group of hereditary autosomal dominant syndromes caused by tumors or hyperplasia of multiple endocrine glands, accompanied by dysplasia of other organs and tissues.

Objective. By this clinical case to demonstrate the features of examination, treatment and tactics of patient management; to discuss the role of radiation factor in the etiopathogenesis of the disease in a child with diagnosed medullary cancer (carcinoma) of the thyroid gland, exposed to the complex action of radiation factor.

Materials and methods. Analysis of medical documentation data, patient's medical history, and clinical and genealogical examination methods. A review of literature sources was conducted using the eLIBRARY.RU and PubMed databases. This review includes literature reviews, scientific articles, and clinical studies.

Results. The article demonstrates the importance of diagnostic search in a child with a newly detected thyroid tumor who lives in a radiation control zone and was born to parents who were exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident. The article also highlights the importance of expanding diagnostic search for true diagnosis verification, choosing a rational treatment and monitoring strategy, and determining the significance of the radiation factor in the etiopathogenesis of the disease.

Conclusion. The clinical case presented by us shows the need to assess the risks of radiation-induced diseases in children living in radiationcontaminated areas after the Chernobyl accident, due to the high risk of developing stochastic effects.

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