The use of genetically engineered biological drugs in the treatment of bronchial asthma

Abstract

Background. Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic non-infectious inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, affecting people of all ages and characterized by respiratory symptoms resulting from variable airflow limitation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Severe bronchial asthma is registered in 5-10% of patients. This course of asthma remains uncontrolled, despite adequate therapy, including high doses of inhaled glucocorticosteroids, long-acting B2 agonists, long-acting anticholinergic drugs. This variant of the course of asthma requires either continuous therapy with high doses of inhaled glucocorticosteroids/long-acting B2 agonists/long-acting anticholinergic drugs, and in some cases, the appointment of systemic glucocorticosteroids. Severe bronchial asthma patients have the highest incidence of lack of control and development of exacerbations.

Results. The article presents a clinical case illustrating the possibility of using genetically engineered biological drugs in patients with severe bronchial asthma.

Conclusion. For patients with high T2-inflammation (T2-asthma) severe bronchial asthma (allergic or late eosinophilic) in recent years, biological therapy has become available using genetically engineered biological drugs aimed at suppressing excessive immune signaling pathways associated with T2 cytokines (IL-5 and IL-5R, IL-4/IL-13) or immunoglobulin E (IgE). With the right approach to choosing patient management and a biological drug option, this therapy proves to be highly effective, leading to control of severe bronchial asthma, a decrease in the frequency or complete absence of exacerbations, and a reduction in the dose of systemic glucocorticosteroids.