A clinical case of combined spontaneous pneumothorax with pulmonary emphysema and bronchial asthma

Background. The article describes an example of a combination of previously undetected bullous emphysema and spontaneous pneumothorax. Spontaneous pneumothorax is a pathological condition characterized by an accumulation of air in the pleural cavity, which occurs in the absence of previous trauma or iatrogenic damage. Spontaneous pneumothorax is a rare, but always life-threatening condition faced by doctors of various specialties. This pathological condition in children can be a manifestation or complication of various diseases, but it can also occur in the absence of clinically significant pulmonary pathology.

Results. Based on the analysis of modern literature data, the causes of spontaneous pneumothorax are presented. The issues of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment are covered in detail. The article discusses important aspects of the theories of the occurrence of pulmonary bullous emphysema, etiology and pathogenesis, and the clinical picture of this disease. The clinical observation of bullous emphysema and spontaneous pneumothorax in a patient suffering from bronchial asthma, methods of diagnosis and treatment are described. The patient was admitted to the clinic with a suspected foreign body of the tracheobronchial tree. There is also a history of concomitant bronchial asthma of moderate severity, the father has bullous emphysema of the lungs. An X-ray and functional examination of the chest organs was performed. A comprehensive and differentiated approach to the choice of therapeutic tactics for this disease is determined by videothoracoscopy. Taking into account the patient's condition and the results of the examination, emergency surgery was required, followed by video thoracoscopy, lung resection and pleurectomy. The described clinical case is very rare, as it demonstrates a combination of hereditary bullous emphysema and spontaneous pneumothorax, as a result of which radical intervention was required. The article demonstrates the need for close attention to patients with a family history of degenerative lung diseases. For the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax on the background of bullous emphysema, modern thoracoscopic methods with mandatory recurrence prevention (pleurodesis, lung resection, pleurectomy) should be used. The prognosis of this disease is always serious and largely depends on the timely provision of qualified medical care.

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