Tropical malaria with different disease outcomes

   Background. Malaria remains a serious health problem in the Russian Federation with deaths reported annually. Tropical malaria is a severe form of the disease due to the development of severe complications, one of which is cerebral coma. In the Omsk region, only isolated imported cases from endemic countries are registered. The disease is caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium. Human infection occurs through the bite of a female mosquito belonging to the genus Anopheles. It is believed that 1 % of children infected with Plasmodium falciparum develop a more severe form of malaria, which can eventually lead to cerebral complications, including cerebral malaria. The pathogenesis of the development of cerebral coma is due, for example, to certain P. falciparum proteins that attach to the surface of infected red blood cells. Subsequently, adhesion of the endothelial layer occurs, which leads to widespread sequestration of infected red blood cells
and the development of proinflammatory and procoagulant reactions.

   Objective. To analyze cases of tropical malaria registered in the Omsk region in the period 2021-2022, who were treated at the Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital No. 1 named after D. M. Dalmatov.

   Materials and methods. The medical record of an inpatient patient, form 003/у, was used. The team of authors presented two clinical cases of tropical malaria with different disease outcomes.

   Results. The patients were crew members of sea vessels, who periodically face the need to use medications for malaria. The WHO global malaria control strategy recommends Artemether + Lumefantrine for prevention and treatment.

   Conclusions. The importance of timely seeking medical help and prescribing effective antimalarial drugs is shown. At the prehospital stage, information from the epidemiological history and the clinical manifestations of malaria were significant, which made it possible to predetermine the outcome of the disease.

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