Approaches to the diagnosis and therapy of cough in therapeutic practice

Cough is one of the most important symptoms of the pathology of various organs and systems, which occurs in about 30% of the human population. This symptom prevails in patients with various bronchopulmonary pathologies, however, in addition, it can occur with the pathology of other organs and systems (ENT organs, upper gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular and nervous systems), as well as a side effect when taking certain drugs (ACE inhibitors, inhaled drugs,etc.), because of endoscopic interventions. In addition to discomfort for the patient, an abnormal cough can lead to the development of several serious complications. The article presents the reflex arc of the cough reflex, various classifications of cough. Cough can be acute and chronic, the therapy of each of these types will depend on the causes of occurrence. The causes of acute cough can be SARS, COVID-19, influenza, acute bronchitis, pneumonia. Among the most common causes of chronic cough, the so-called "cough triad" is distinguished, which includes cough cider of the upper respiratory tract, bronchial asthma and gastroesophageal reflux disease. In addition to the "cough triad", the causes of chronic cough can be chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, lung cancer, idiopathic fibrosing lung disease, interstitial pneumonia of known etiology. As a cough therapy, antitussive and protussive pharmacological strategies are distinguished, which are given in the article. Thus, cough has a different pathogenesis and clinical characteristics, therefore, a thorough collection of anamnesis, data from an objective examination of the patient, the use of additional laboratory and instrumental research methods, as well as an understanding of the differential diagnostic series of diseases accompanied by cough, will help in timely diagnosis with the correct rationale for the choice. therapeutic tactics and cough management strategies.

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