Analysis of the epidemiological situation of true pemphigus in Azerbaijan in the process of long-term dynamics

Abstract

Currently, true acantholytic pemphigus refers to severe autoimmune diseases, which, in the absence of timely adequate therapy, can turn into autoaggression with a possible fatal outcome. Regularly received information from various regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan about the increase in the incidence in the last decade, information about the complexity of differential diagnostics, resistance to therapy of some forms (paraneoplastic, herpetiform) of pemphigus vera dictate the need to develop new provisions in the current clinical and epidemiological situation. The aim of this study was to study the epidemiological situation, dynamics and patterns of development of true acantholytic pemphigus in Azerbaijan, as well as to identify the features of the clinical course, taking into account new realities. An analysis of 554 true acantholytic pemphigus patients under our supervision over a 13-year period was carried out. With the aim of a deeper study of the intensity of the epidemiological process and obtaining more reliable data, we set the task of analyzing the increase in morbidity in long-term dynamics (coverage of a large period, together with the results of S. A. Alieva, which were obtained since 1956 to 1985). It was found that there was a steady increase in the incidence with a 13-14 year cycle of 2.5-3 times increase, and since 2006 the rate of disease growth has increased and switched to a 6 year cycle. The course of the disease has changed, it has become more severe and resistant to the therapy. The number of patients with true acantholytic pemphigus P increased in persons under 40 years of age (where there was a twofold predominance of women). The prevalence of common forms over limited, a reduction in the period of mucosal lesions, rejuvenation of the formation of the disease, resistance of the disease to the therapy (a two-fold increase in the dose of glucocorticoids) make it possible to make judgments about the change in the course of the disease.