Impaired bowel function in patients with metabolic syndrome

The relevance of the problem of metabolic syndrome is beyond doubt and is associated with its high prevalence and the fact that it precedes the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. The metabolic syndrome is a multifactorial disease, and the organs of the gastrointestinal tract are both target organs in the metabolic syndrome and active participants in the pathogenesis of obesity and associated diseases. Against the background of obesity, the size of adipocytes increases, which leads to an increase in the concentration of inflammatory mediators and the development of insulin resistance, and can also contribute to carcinogenesis. In obese patients, chronic inflammation was found in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, blood vessels, and pancreas. The article presents known and new information about changes in the intestines in patients with metabolic syndrome, describes the mutual influence of microbiota, intestinal motility and obesity. The intestinal microbiota is involved in many metabolic processes in the human body, which suggests the existence of a relationship between changes in the intestinal microbiota and the development and/or progression of various pathological conditions, including the metabolic syndrome. The increase in the prevalence of obesity cannot be attributed solely to changes in the human genome, eating habits, or a decrease in physical activity in our daily lives. Gut microbiota must be considered as an important environmental factor. A diet poor in fiber and cellular membranes, a sedentary lifestyle contribute to the development of both constipation and obesity. Changes in the functional state of the intestine, revealed in the metabolic syndrome, occupy an important place in the mechanism of development of endotoxemia and disorders of the intestinal microbiota in the metabolic syndrome. Enriching the diet with dietary fiber, including in the composition of functional foods, opens up new prospects for non-drug correction of both the functional activity of the intestinal microbiota and the components of the metabolic syndrome. We present literature and our own data on effective multipurpose therapy with psyllium in patients with metabolic syndrome and diseases of the digestive system.

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