The current state of the rosacea problem

Abstract

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease with a prevalence of 0.5% to 18%. Rosacea is more common in people of northern and Western European origin, less common in other ethnic groups. According to some data, about 4% of rosacea patients are of African, Latin American or Asian origin. Women are found on average a third more than men. Rosacea usually manifests in patients aged 30-50 years. However, it can occur in childhood with a family history of rosacea, persist and progress into adulthood. Rosacea is chronic, can develop from erythema, telangiectasia to rhinophyma, and also cause eye damage. The classification of rosacea includes four subtypes and a variant of granulomatous rosacea. Adverse trigger factors of rosacea are endocrinological, pharmacological, immunological, infectious, climatic, thermal and alimentary factors. Skin with rosacea is most sensitive to temperature changes, especially to heat. Clinical trigger factors that contribute to rosacea outbreaks or disease progression are associated with increased stress of the endoplasmic reticulum, which indicates a birth defect predisposed rosacea patients to increased stress of the endoplasmic reticulum and pathologies associated with it. Numerous factors are involved in the pathogenesis of rosacea, such as impaired barrier function of the epidermis, inflammation mediated by cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, vascular reactivity disorders, increased innate immunity, neurogenic inflammation, angiogenesis, fibrosis and hypercolonization of demodex mites. Rosacea requires an interdisciplinary approach consisting of adequate general measures, local and/or systemic therapy, physical methods for the targeted treatment of various symptoms. The choice of treatment method depends primarily on the severity of the disease and varies from avoiding factors that can provoke an exacerbation of the disease to the use of surgical intervention to correct hypertrophied soft tissues of the nose (rhinophymes). Prevention of factors provoking rosacea and proper skin care such as sunscreens and moisturizers are important steps in the treatment and prevention of rosacea patients.