Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of thyroid diseases in Saratov region in 2009 and 2018

According to the World Health Organization, about 2 billion people currently live in conditions of natural iodine deficiency, and iodine deficiency diseases are classified as the most common non-communicable human diseases. Almost throughout Russia there is an iodine deficiency of varying severity, including the Saratov region, which belongs to the zone of moderate iodine deficiency. We have analyzed the general incidence and morbidity rate of thyroid diseases in Saratov region based on the data gathered during the federal statistics survey No. 12 «Information on diseases diagnosed in patients residing within the hospital service area» conducted in the years 2009 and 2018; said survey used official population data for people of both sexes within the age range of 18 to 76. According to the survey, the epidemiological characteristics for Saratov region of 2018 had no significant discrepancies from the parameters established in 2009. Analysis of statistical parameters for specific thyroid diseases has shown that over the last ten years the incidence rate of goiter decreased from 26,02 ± 4,7 to 16,66 ± 4,68 (p < 0.05), while the morbidity rate of goiter also decreased from 1,7 ± 0,35 to 0,41 ± 0,1 (p < 0,05); the similar statistical parameters of thyroid insufficiency increased over the same period. According to the results of analysis of epidemiological parameters of various territories of Saratov region, in 2009 there were nine territories (Saratov, Ivanteevka, Engels, Ozinki, Novye Burasy, Turki, Dergachevo, Kalininsk anl Petrovsk territories) with the greatest goiter indicidence rate. Both in 2009 and in 2018, the highest values of epidemiological parameters were observed for Kalininsk and Petrovsk territories, however, the general decreasing trend was observed even there. In order to evaluate the population awareness of iodine deficiency problems (as currently, it is regarded as a primary cause of goiter), we have carried out a survey (questionnaire) among the population of the nine territories mentioned above. The awareness of population of Saratov region of iodine deficiency problems in Russian Federation is 72%; the primary sources of information among 70,7% of respondents are television programs and websites. 46% of respondents take regular preventive measures against iodine deficiency with 36% using iodinated salt or iodine-rich food and 10% taking their iodine supplements via medicine.

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