Pediatric infections in children under the age of 1 year

Objective. To study and analyze the structure of the incidence of children under the age of 1 with childhood infections using the example of measles, rubella, scarlet fever and chickenpox.
Materials and methods. The structure of infectious and parasitic morbidity in children under the age of 1 year was 7.3% (60,827 cases), of which childhood infections accounted for 1.01% (617 cases).
Results. The nosoareal of childhood infections was represented by four types: whooping cough, scarlet fever, chickenpox and measles. Cases of infection of children with chickenpox were recorded both in urban areas – 47.8% (221 cases), and in the districts of the Astrakhan region – 52.2% (241 cases). The second largest number of cases of childhood infections in children under the age of 1 year is whooping cough, which accounted for 14.4% (89 cases). Cases of whooping cough were observed in children living both in urban areas and in rural areas of the Astrakhan region, prevailing mainly among urban residents – 56.2% (50 cases). Measles ranks third in terms of the incidence of childhood infections among children under the age of 1 year, accounting for 10.4% (64 cases). The number of cases of scarlet fever infection in children was 0.3% (2 people). These cases were recorded in children living in Volodarsky and Privolzhsky districts – 1 person each in 2018 and 2020, respectively. In most cases, young patients had complaints such as fever above 38.0 °C – 85.9% (530 people), exanthema syndrome – 85.6% (528 people). In addition to these complaints, there were such as catarrhal manifestations of the upper respiratory tract – 13.4% (101 people), lesion of the lower respiratory tract – 18.2% (112 people), conjunctivitis – 9.7% (60 people), vomiting – 15.7% (97 people) and regional lymphadenopathy – 13.8% (85 people). In rare cases, complaints of central nervous system damage in the form of encephalitis were noted – 0.5% (3 people) and angina – 0.3% (2 people). After the final diagnosis was established, all sick children were prescribed medication.
Conclusion. The number of cases of infectious diseases in children of the Astrakhan region has remained very tense in recent years. The main so-called childhood infections in children of the first year of life are chickenpox, scarlet fever, measles and whooping cough. The structure of morbidity in children of the first year of life is represented by the prevalence of the child population both in the districts of the Astrakhan region and directly in the urban area. The main complaint of all sick children was an increase in temperature above 38.0 °C; the rest of the complaints were identical to the complaints.

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