Primary disability of children in the Astrakhan region: analysis of statistical data for 2018-2022

Background. Analysis of the regional specifics of primary childhood disability for the targeted development of preventive measures.
Materials and methods. A systematic analysis of primary childhood disability and its structure in the Astrakhan region for 2018-2022 was carried out. The study was conducted in Astrakhan based on the results of reporting documentation from the main bureau of medical and social examination of the Astrakhan region.
Results. The results of the data analysis showed an increase in the number of disabled children during the study period. Over 5 years, there has been a decrease in the number of children unreasonably referred for medical and social examination (p = 0.041): in 2022 – 88%, in 2021 – 86.5%, in 2020 – 89.9%, in 2019 – 77.8%, in 2018 – 75%. Among the causes of primary disability, mental illness and behavioral disorders predominate. An increase in the number of children diagnosed with this group of diseases over the analyzed period was revealed. In second place in the structure are pathologies of the nervous system, in third place are congenital anomalies, deformations and chromosomal disorders. The intensive rate of primary childhood disability for mental disorders and behavioral disorders is increasing; decreases – for diseases caused by neoplasms, disorders of the genitourinary system and the circulatory system. In 2022, a large proportion of disabled children were identified among children aged 4-7 years, then in descending order – 0-3 years, 8-14 years, 15 years and more.
Conclusion. The analysis will allow us to formulate target directions in the development and implementation of preventive and restorative measures for children with disabilities, as well as the implementation of preventive measures, taking into account regional characteristics.

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