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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство "Открытые системы"»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2022.25.4.009</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-914</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНАЯ ТЕМА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TOPICAL THEME</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Поствирусная дизосмия: лечебно-диагностические принципы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Post-viral dysosmia: therapeutic and diagnostic principles</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaytseva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зайцева Ольга Владимировна, к.м.н., начальник научно- клинического отдела и заведующая отделением вестибулологии и отоневрологии</p><p>123182, Москва,Волоколамское шоссе, 30, к. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Zaytseva , MD, Head of the Scientific and Clinical Department and Head of the Department of Vestibulology and Otoneurology</p><p>30 b. 2, Volokolamskoe shosse, Moscow, 123182</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.v.zaytseva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр оториноларингологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution The National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology of the Federal Medico-Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зайцева О.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зайцева О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zaytseva O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/914">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/914</self-uri><abstract><p>Нарушение обоняния до последнего времени не относилось к наиболее актуальным проблемам медицины. Однако с приходом пандемии, вызванной вирусом SARS-CoV-2, интерес исследователей и клиницистов к обонятельной дисфункции многократно возрос во всем мире, что объясняется высочайшей частотой встречаемости дизосмии при COVID-19 – до 50% от общего числа заболевших. По данным европейских согласительных документов по риносинуситу и назальному полипозу, нарушение обоняния наряду с затруднением носового дыхания, патологическими выделениями из носа и головной болью входят в перечень наиболее частых субъективных признаков острого риносинусита. Согласно оценкам экспертов, частота обонятельной дисфункции у таких больных достигает 14-30%. Более 80% больных острым синуситом указывают на сопутствующее расстройство обоняния. Обычно оно восстанавливается в среднем в течение двух недель от начала заболевания. Дизосмия у пациентов данной группы в 60-80% случаев не сопровождается деструкцией обонятельного эпителия, а связана с отеком слизистой оболочки и гиперсекрецией слизи, что приводит к закрытию просвета узкой обонятельной щели. В рамках данной работы в период с июня 2020 по декабрь 2021 г. под наблюдением находились 32 пациента в возрасте от 29 до 52 лет (21 мужчина и 11 женщин) без неврологических заболеваний с поствирусной аносмией. Жалобы на полное отсутствие обоняния, дискомфорт в области корня носа, гнусавость и результаты субъективной ольфактометрии позволили установить диагноз кондуктивной аносмии у всех пациентов. Больные получали антибактериальную терапию полусинтетическим цефалоспориновым антибиотиком III поколения. Кроме того, в курс амбулаторного лечения включались анемизация верхних отделов слизистой оболочки носа и физиотерапия. Все пациенты хорошо переносили лечение, побочных эффектов не было зафиксировано. По истечении недели все пациенты отмечали улучшение носового дыхания, исчезновение гнусавости, улучшение обоняния. В дальнейшем пациентам рекомендовалось в течение 3-4 месяцев самостоятельное проведение обонятельного тренинга: вдыхание эфирных масел розы, эвкалипта, лимона, гвоздики, жасмина, апельсина и кофе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Violation of the sense of smell until recently did not belong to the most urgent problems of medicine. However, with the advent of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the interest of researchers and clinicians in olfactory dysfunction has increased many times around the world, which is explained by the highest incidence of dysosmia in COVID-19 – up to 50% of the total number of cases. According to the European consensus documents on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis, impaired sense of smell along with difficulty in nasal breathing, abnormal nasal discharge and headache are among the most common subjective signs of acute rhinosinusitis. According to expert estimates, the frequency of olfactory dysfunction in such patients reaches 14-30%. More than 80% of patients with acute sinusitis indicate a concomitant olfactory disorder. It usually recovers on average within two weeks from the onset of the disease. Dysosmia in patients of this group in 60-80% of cases is not accompanied by destruction of the olfactory epithelium, but is associated with edema of the mucous membrane and hypersecretion of mucus, which leads to the closure of the lumen of the narrow olfactory fissure. As part of this work, from June 2020 to December 2021, 32 patients aged 29 to 52 years (21 men and 11 women) without neurological diseases with postviral anosmia were under observation. Complaints about the complete lack of smell, discomfort in the root of the nose, nasality and the results of subjective olfactometry made it possible to establish the diagnosis of conductive anosmia in all patients. The patients received antibacterial therapy with a semi-synthetic third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. In addition, the course of outpatient treatment included anemization of the upper sections of the nasal mucosa and physiotherapy. All patients tolerated the treatment well, no side effects were recorded. After a week, all patients noted an improvement in nasal breathing, the disappearance of nasality, and an improvement in the sense of smell. In the future, patients were recommended to independently conduct olfactory training for 3-4 months: inhalation of essential oils of rose, eucalyptus, lemon, clove, jasmine, orange and coffee.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нарушение обоняния</kwd><kwd>риносинусит</kwd><kwd>коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>антибактериальая терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>impaired sense of smell</kwd><kwd>rhinosinusitis</kwd><kwd>coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>antibiotic therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Анатомия человека / Под ред. Сапина М. Р. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2015. Т. 2. С. 469.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Human Anatomy / Pod red. Sapina M. R. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2015. T. 2. 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