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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство "Открытые системы"»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2021.24.12.010</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-863</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНАЯ ТЕМА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TOPICAL THEME</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Запор у коморбидных пациентов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Constipation in patients with comorbidity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0838</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лялюкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyalyukova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лялюкова Елена Александровна – доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры внутренних болезней и семейной медицины.</p><p>644037, Омск, ул. Петра Некрасова, 5.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Lyalyukova - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Associate Professor, Professor at the Department of Internal Medicine and Family Medicine of the Faculty of Additional Professional Education, Omsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>5 Pyotr Nekrasov str., Omsk, 644037.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lyalykova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0601-7044</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логинова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loginova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Логинова Екатерина Николаевна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры внутренних болезней и семейной медицины.</p><p>644037, Омск, ул. Петра Некрасова, 5.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina N. Loginova - MD, Associate Professor at the Department of Internal Medicine and Family Medicine of the Faculty of Additional Professional Education, Omsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>5 Pyotr Nekrasov str., Omsk, 644037.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">log-ekaterina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ОмГМУ Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лялюкова Е.А., Логинова Е.Н., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лялюкова Е.А., Логинова Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lyalyukova E.A., Loginova E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/863">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/863</self-uri><abstract><p>Пациенты пожилого и старческого возраста в силу физиологических причин и коморбидной патологии имеют высокий риск развития запора. Причиной запора чаще всего являются алиментарные факторы и возраст-ассоциированные заболевания и повреждения толстой кишки (дивертикулярная болезнь, ишемия толстой кишки, ректоцеле, геморрой и другие); метаболические, эндокринные расстройства и неврологические заболевания. Возрастные анатомические, структурные и функциональные изменения пищеварительной системы вносят свой вклад в развитие запоров у пожилых. У пациентов «серебряного возраста» отмечено увеличение длины желудочно-кишечного тракта, прогрессирование атрофических, склеротических изменений слизистой и подслизистой оболочки, снижение количества секреторных клеток, замещение мышечных волокон соединительной тканью и др. Все это способствует замедлению транзита по желудочно-кишечному тракту и нарушению акта дефекации. Образ жизни пожилых людей также может способствовать развитию запора. Низкое содержание в рационе клетчатки, употребление преимущественно термически обработанной пищи, нарушение ритма питания (прием пищи 1-2 раза в день) являются одной из причин возникновения запоров у пожилых, чему способствуют трудности при жевании вследствие стоматологических проблем. Колоноскопия показана всем пациентам пожилого и старческого возраста с запором, а выявление «симптомов тревоги» необходимо проводить при каждом визите пациента. Вне зависимости от причины вторичного запора, все пациенты должны осуществлять ряд мер немедикаментозного характера, включающих изменение образа жизни, диету с включением достаточного количества клетчатки и потребление жидкости. Физические методы лечения могут включать лечебную гимнастику, массаж толстой кишки для стимуляции моторной активности кишечника в определенное время. При неэффективности немедикаментозных мероприятий рекомендуется использование осмотических слабительных, а также средств, увеличивающих объем каловых масс. Высокая эффективность и безопасность псиллиума позволяет рекомендовать его в лечении хронического запора у пожилых пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Elderly and senile patients, due to physiological reasons and comorbid pathology, have a high risk of constipation. The causes of constipation are more often nutritional factors and age-associated diseases and damage to the colon (diverticular disease, colon ischemia, rectocele, hemorrhoids, and others); metabolic, endocrine disorders and neurological diseases. Age-related anatomical, structural and functional changes in the digestive system contribute to the development of constipation in the elderly. In patients of «silver age», there was an increase in the length of the gastrointestinal tract, the progression of atrophic, sclerotic changes in the mucous and submucosa, a decrease in the number of secretory cells, replacement of muscle fibers with connective tissue, etc. All this contributes to the slowing down of transit through the gastrointestinal tract and the violation of the act of defecation. Elderly lifestyles can also contribute to constipation. The low fiber content in the diet, the use of mainly thermally processed food, the violation of the rhythm of the diet (eating 1-2 times a day) are one of the causes of constipation in the elderly, which is facilitated by difficulty in chewing due to dental problems. Colonoscopy is ordered for all elderly and senile patients with constipation, and the identification of «anxiety symptoms» should be carried out at each patient visit. Regardless of the cause of secondary constipation, all patients should take a number of non-pharmacological measures, including lifestyle changes, a diet with adequate fiber, and fluid intake. Physical therapies may include medical gymnastics, colon massage to stimulate bowel movement at specific times. If non-drug measures are ineffective, it is recommended to use osmotic laxatives, as well as agents that increase the volume of feces. Psyllium supplementation is recommended for treatment of chronic constipation in elderly patients due to its high efficacy and safety.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>запор</kwd><kwd>лица пожилого и старческого возраста</kwd><kwd>коморбидная патология</kwd><kwd>пищевые волокна</kwd><kwd>псиллиум</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>constipation</kwd><kwd>elderly and senile persons</kwd><kwd>comorbid pathology</kwd><kwd>dietary fiber</kwd><kwd>psillum</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лазебник Л. Б., Туркина С. В., Голованова Е. В., Ардатская М. Д., Остроумова О. Д., Комиссаренко И. А., Корочанская Н. В., Козлова И. В., Успенский Ю. П., Фоминых Ю. А., Левченко С. В., Лоранская И. Д., Ткаченко Е. И., Ситкин С. И., Бакулин И. Г., Бакулина Н. В., Шемеровский К. А. 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