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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2021.24.12.011</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-857</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНАЯ ТЕМА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TOPICAL THEME</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лейшманиоз у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией: трудности диагностики и лечения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients: difficulties in diagnostics and treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5327-9824</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нагибина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nagibina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нагибина Маргарита Васильевна - доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова Минздрава России.127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, 20/1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Margarita V. Nagibina - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases and A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State Medical and Dental University.</p><p>20/1 Delegatskaya str., Moscow, 127473.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">infektor03@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5327-9824</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазус</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazus</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мазус Алексей Израилевич – доктор медицинских наук, руководитель МГЦ СПИД ДЗМ;</p><p>105275, Москва, 8-я ул. Соколиной Горы, 15, стр. 51.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksei I. Mazus - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of Moscow Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment of Moscow Healthcare Department.</p><p>15 b. 51 8th Sokolinaya Gora str., Moscow, 105275.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aids@spid.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4991-3241</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смирнов Никита Алексеевич - аспирант кафедры инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова Минздрава России.</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, 20/1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita A. Smirnov - PhD student of the Department of Infectious Diseases and A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State Medical and Dental University.</p><p>20/1 Delegatskaya str., Moscow, 127473.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smirnov@spid.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бессараб</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bessarab</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бессараб Тимур Петрович - кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением профилактики ВИЧ-инфекции МГЦ СПИД ДЗМ.</p><p>105275, Москва, 8-я ул. Соколиной Горы, 15, стр. 51.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Timur P. Bessarab - MD, Head of the HIV Prevention Department at Moscow Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment of Moscow Healthcare Department.</p><p>15 b. 51 8th Sokolinaya Gora str., Moscow, 105275.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bessarab@spid.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5326-2472</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мартынова Наталья Николаевна – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая 10-м отделением ВИЧ-инфекции МГЦ СПИД ДЗМ.</p><p>105275, Москва, 8-я ул. Соколиной Горы, 15, стр. 51.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya N. Martynova - MD, Head of the 10th Department of HIV Infection at Moscow Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment of Moscow Healthcare Department.</p><p>15 b. 51 8th Sokolinaya Gora str., Moscow, 105275.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">martynova@spid.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8939-1690</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Венгеров</surname><given-names>Ю. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vengerov</surname><given-names>Yu. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Венгеров Юрий Яковлевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова Минздрава России.</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, 20/1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yury Ya. Vengerov - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology at Federal State Budgetary A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State Medical and Dental University.</p><p>20/1 Delegatskaya str., Moscow, 127473.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">infektor03@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0789-7709</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тишкевич</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tishkevich</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тишкевич Олег Александрович – кандидат медицинских наук, врач-патологоанатом ИКБ № 2 ДЗМ.</p><p>105275, Москва, 8-я ул. Соколиной Горы, 15.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg A. Tishkevich - MD, pathologist at Moscow State Infectious Disease Hospital № 2 of Moscow Healthcare Department.</p><p>15 8th Sokolinaya Gora str., Moscow, 105275.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">infektor03@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1862-245X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Набиуллина</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nabiullina</surname><given-names>D. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Набиуллина Динара Ринатовна - аспирант кафедры инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова Минздрава России.</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, 20/1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dinara R. Nabiullina - PhD student of the Department of Infectious Diseases A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State Medical and Dental University.</p><p>20/1 Delegatskaya str., Moscow, 127473.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nabiullina@spid.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова Минздрава России; МГЦ СПИД ДЗМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State Medical and Dental University; Moscow Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment of Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГЦ СПИД ДЗМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Centre for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment of Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГМСУ им. А. И. Евдокимова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State Medical and Dental University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ИКБ № 2 ДЗМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Infectious Disease Hospital № 2 of Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нагибина М.В., Мазус А.И., Смирнов Н.А., Бессараб Т.П., Мартынова Н.Н., Венгеров Ю.Я., Тишкевич О.А., Набиуллина Д.Р., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нагибина М.В., Мазус А.И., Смирнов Н.А., Бессараб Т.П., Мартынова Н.Н., Венгеров Ю.Я., Тишкевич О.А., Набиуллина Д.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nagibina M.V., Mazus A.I., Smirnov N.A., Bessarab T.P., Martynova N.N., Vengerov Y.Y., Tishkevich O.A., Nabiullina D.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/857">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/857</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены клинические случаи лейшманиоза, которые проанализированы в контексте  течения ВИЧ-инфекции, при которой лейшманиоз выступает в роли оппортунистического заболевания. Дана общая характеристика лейшманиоза, а также отмечены особенности течения этой инфекции на фоне приобретенного иммунодефицита. Рассмотрены вопросы  диагностики и лечения  лейшманиоза, смертность  при котором  остается  достаточно  высокой.  Значительная распространенность ВИЧ-инфекции в мире,  ежегодно увеличивающийся туристический поток в эндемичные страны, а также увеличение эндемичных очагов на территории  РФ в связи с присоединением Республики Крым требуют от врачей всех специальностей пристального внимания и настороженности в отношении лейшманиоза. Особое внимание заслуживают больные  ВИЧ-инфекцией, уже имеет место ряд сообщений о том, что у инфицированных ВИЧ диагностируется висцеральный лейшманиоз, и они подвергаются  бóльшему риску инфицирования, чем общая популяция. Проявления висцерального лейшманиоза среди пациентов  с иммунодефицитом, как правило,  не отличаются  от классического течения, однако в зависимости от степени угнетения иммунитета болезнь может принимать атипичные формы, что затрудняет своевременную диагностику  и назначение адекватной  терапии.  При наличии  у больного  ВИЧ-инфекции, длительной лихорадки неправильного типа, увеличения лимфоузлов, селезенки, печени, потери веса &gt; 10%, прогрессирующей анемии, нейтропении, тромбоцитопении, гипоальбуминемии и данных о пребывании в регионах,  эндемичных по лейшманиозу, целесообразно обследование на висцеральный лейшманиоз – пункция костного мозга с окраской мазков по Романовскому – Гимзе,  постановкой ПЦР-пунктата с использованием тест-системы на лейшманиоз, а при получении  положительных результатов – назначение препаратов пятивалентной сурьмы, препаратов второго ряда – амфотерицина В, липосомального амфотерицина В или паромомицина.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this article, leishmaniasis is considered in the context of HIV infection, in which this disease appears to be an opportunistic. A general characteristic  of leishmaniasis is given, and the features of the course of infection in immunodeficiency are also presented. In the example of clinical cases, issues featuring diagnostics and treatment  of leishmaniasis are reviewed, the mortality rate of which remains quite high. The accession of Crimea to Russia, the high prevalence of HIV infection in the world, as well as the annually increasing tourist flow to endemic countries, require physicians of all specialties to be aware of this disease. HIV patients deserve special attention, there are already a number of reports that people with HIV are diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis and are at greater risk of infection than the general population. The manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis among patients with immunodeficiency, as a rule, do not differ from the classical course, however, depending on the degree of suppression of immunity, the disease can take on atypical forms, which complicates timely diagnosis and the appointment of adequate therapy. If the patient has HIV infection, prolonged fever of the wrong type, enlarged lymph nodes, spleen, liver, weight loss &gt; 10%, progressive anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia and data on stay in regions endemic for leishmaniasis, it is advisable to be tested for visceral leishmaniasis – puncture of bone marrow with staining of smears according to Romanovsky – Giemsa, staging of PCR punctate using a test system for leishmaniasis, and if positive results are obtained, the appointment of pentavalent antimony drugs, second-line  drugs – amphotericin B, liposomal amphotericin B or paromomycin.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>лейшманиоз</kwd><kwd>антиретровирусная терапия</kwd><kwd>клиническая картина</kwd><kwd>оппортунистическая инфекция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>leishmaniasis</kwd><kwd>antiretroviral therapy</kwd><kwd>clinical picture</kwd><kwd>opportunistic disease</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сергиев В. 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