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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство "Открытые системы"»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2021.24.11.009</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-839</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТРАНИЧКА ПЕДИАТРА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRICIAN’S PAGE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль пробиотиков в профилактике и лечении диареи и дисбактериоза у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Role of probiotics in prevention and treatment of diarrhea and disbiosis in infants</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3738-3792</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грибакин</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gribakin</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грибакин Сергей Германович, д.м.н., профессор кафедры диетологии и нутрициологии</p><p>123242, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey G. Gribakin, Dr. of Sci. (Med), Prof. of the Department of Dietetics and Nutritionology</p><p>2/1, b. 1 Barricadnaya str., Moscow, 123242, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg.gribakin2016@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Грибакин С.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Грибакин С.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gribakin S.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/839">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/839</self-uri><abstract><p>Кишечная микробиота представляет собой сложную экосистему, образованную сообществом микроорганизмов, которое расценивается как самостоятельный метаболический орган. Преобладающими микроорганизмами в толстой кишке здорового младенца являются бифидобактерии и лактобациллы, которые конкурентно подавляют рост условно-патогенных и патогенных микробов и способствуют развитию иммунной системы. На протяжении последних 10 лет исследования в области молекулярной биологии и строения генома Bifidobacterium и Lactobacillus были сфокусированы на таких проблемах, как взаимодействие с иммунной системой и перспективы их использования при антибиотик-ассоциированной диарее и при диареях в педиатрической практике, а также при синдроме раздраженного кишечника и при воспалительных заболеваниях кишечника. За последние годы выполнен целый ряд клинических исследований, посвященных использованию пробиотиков в целях лечения и профилактики диареи у детей, а также подготовлено несколько подробных метаанализов, которые дают достаточно полное представление о возможностях использования монокомпонентных и комбинированных пробиотических препаратов. Получены важные факты в пользу того, что определенные штаммы Lactobacilli и Bifidobacteria являются иммуномодуляторами и способны влиять на иммунную регуляцию посредством воздействия на баланс между провоспалительными и противовоспалительными цитокинами. Еще одним механизмом действия пробиотических препаратов является их влияние на допаминовые и серотониновые рецепторы, благодаря чему установлено положительное влияние пробиотиков у пациентов, находящихся в состоянии стресса и при депрессивных состояниях. В статье показано, что комбинированные пробиотики обладают синергическим действием, оказывают антибактериальное действие и иммуномодулирующий эффект и обладают доказанной клинической эффективностью при диарее и дисбактериозе у детей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Intestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem of the community of enteric microorganisms and is estimated as an individual metabolic organ. Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli are the predominant microbes in a colon of healthy infants, they are able to suppress a growth of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms and support a development of immune system. Over the past 10 years, research in the field of molecular biology and genome structure of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus has focused on such problems as interaction with the immune system and the prospects for their use in antibiotic-associated diarrhea and diarrhea in pediatric practice, as well as in irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. In recent years, a number of clinical studies have been carried out on the use of probiotics for the treatment and prevention of diarrhea in children, and several detailed analytical meta-analyzes have been prepared, which give a fairly complete picture of the possibilities of using monocomponent and combined probiotic drugs. Important facts have been obtained in favor of the fact that certain strains of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria are immunomodulators and are able to influence immune regulation by affecting the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Another mechanism of action of probiotic drugs is their effect on dopamine and serotonin receptors, due to which a positive effect of probiotics has been established in patients under stress and in depression. The article shows that combined probiotic remedies are characterized by synergic action and have an antibacterial effect and immune modulation. Combined probiotics are characterized by synergic activity and support a development of immune system. Due to these properties they have a clinically proven effect in diarrhea and disbiosis in infants.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кишечная микробиота</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>иммуномодуляция</kwd><kwd>бифидобактерии</kwd><kwd>лактобациллы</kwd><kwd>диарея</kwd><kwd>дисбактериоз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intestinal microbiota</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>immune modulation</kwd><kwd>Bifidobacteria</kwd><kwd>Lactobacilli</kwd><kwd>diarrhea</kwd><kwd>disbiosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar H., Roeselers G. et al. The Bifidogenic Effect Revisited – Ecology and Health Perspectives of Bifidobacterial Colonization in Early Life // Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (12): 1855.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar H., Roeselers G. et al. 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