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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство "Открытые системы"»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2021.24.9.004</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-806</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕДИАТРИЯ. НЕОНАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRICS. NEONATOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пробиотики в комплексной профилактике респираторных инфекций у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Probiotics in the comprehensive prevention of respiratory infections in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaeva</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikolaeva008@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усенко</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usenko</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хлыповка</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khlypovka</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горелов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorelov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН ЦНИИЭ Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Budget Institution of Science «Central Research Institute of Epidemiology» of The Federal Service on Customers' Rights Protection and Human Well-being Surveillance</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ГКБ № 40 ДЗМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital No. 40 of the Moscow City Health Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН ЦНИИЭ Роспотребнадзора; ФГБУ ГКБ № 40 ДЗМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Budget Institution of Science «Central Research Institute of Epidemiology» of The Federal Service on Customers' Rights Protection and Human Well-being Surveillance; City Clinical Hospital No. 40 of the Moscow City Health Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН ЦНИИЭ Роспотребнадзора; ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Budget Institution of Science «Central Research Institute of Epidemiology» of The Federal Service on Customers' Rights Protection and Human Well-being Surveillance; Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Николаева С.В., Усенко Д.В., Хлыповка Ю.Н., Горелов А.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Николаева С.В., Усенко Д.В., Хлыповка Ю.Н., Горелов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikolaeva S.V., Usenko D.V., Khlypovka Y.N., Gorelov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/806">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/806</self-uri><abstract><p>Вирусные инфекции дыхательных путей являются наиболее частой причиной инфекционных заболеваний, особенно у детей. В большинстве случаев, особенно при поражении верхних дыхательных путей, острые респираторные вирусные инфекции протекают в легкой или среднетяжелой форме и часто купируются самостоятельно. Фармакологические средства для лечения или профилактики данных инфекций у детей в настоящее время ограничены. Многочисленные исследования доказали эффективность пробиотиков в лечении и профилактике заболеваний желудочно-кишечного тракта, таких как инфекционные и антибиотик-ассоциированные диареи, диареи путешественников, некротизирующий энтероколит, инфекция Helicobacter pylori, а также атопических заболеваний. Становится актуальным изучение эффективности пробиотиков в качестве средств профилактики острых респираторных инфекций среди детей и взрослых. Данные in vitro демонстрируют, что пробиотики обладают штаммоспецифическим иммуномодулирующим действием на иммунные клетки. Показано, что пробиотики эффективны в подавлении репликации различных респираторных вирусов, включая вирусы гриппа и респираторно-синцитиальный вирус. Подобные эффекты были продемонстрированы на мышах, было показано, что пробиотики способны снижать титры вируса в тканях легких и модулировать экспрессию противовирусных и провоспалительных генов до и после вирусной инфекции. Доклинические исследования также показывают уменьшение симптомов заболевания у мышей, что указывает на потенциальную клиническую пользу. Данные литературы по изучению применения пробиотиков и синбиотиков при вирусных инфекциях респираторного тракта показывают, что их использование связано с более низкой частотой и меньшей продолжительностью легких форм респираторной инфекции как у детей, так и у взрослых. Целесообразно дальнейшее проведение исследований для получения адекватных выводов об эффективности пробиотиков и синбиотиков при острых респираторных инфекциях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Viral infections of the respiratory tract are the most common cause of infectious diseases, especially in children. In most cases, especially when the upper respiratory tract is affected, acute respiratory viral infections are mild to moderate and often stop spontaneously. Pharmacological agents for the treatment or prevention of these infections in children are currently limited. Numerous studies have proven the effectiveness of probiotics in the treatment and prevention of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, such as infectious and antibiotic-associated diarrhea, traveler's diarrhea, necrotizing enterocolitis, Helicobacter pylori infection, as well as atopic diseases. It is becoming urgent to study the effectiveness of probiotics as prophylactic agents for acute respiratory infections. among children and adults. In vitro data demonstrate that probiotics have strain-specific immunomodulatory effects on immune cells. Probiotics have been shown to be effective in suppressing the replication of various respiratory viruses, including influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus. Similar effects have been demonstrated in mice with the ability of probiotics to reduce viral titers in lung tissues and modulate the expression of antiviral and pro-inflammatory genes before and after viral infection. Preclinical studies also show improvement in symptoms in mice, indicating potential clinical benefit. Literature data on the use of probiotics and synbiotics for viral infections of the respiratory tract show that their use is associated with a lower frequency and duration of mild forms of respiratory infection in both children and adults. It is advisable to further conduct research necessary to obtain adequate conclusions about the effectiveness of probiotics and synbiotics in acute respiratory infections.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>респираторный вирус</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>синбиотики</kwd><kwd>иммунная система</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>respiratory virus</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>synbiotics</kwd><kwd>immune system.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">О состоянии санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения в Российской Федерации в 2020 году: Государственный доклад. 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