lvrachЛечащий ВрачLechaschi Vrach1560-51752687-1181ООО «Издательство "Открытые системы"»10.26295/OS.2020.98.90.004lvrach-229Research ArticleСтатьиОбразования надпочечников: тактика веденияАdrenal tumors: management tacticsМоргуновЛ. Ю.MorgunovL. Yu.

Моscow

morgunov.l.y@mail.ruФГАОУ ВО РУДНРоссияPeoples' Friendship University of RussiaRussian Federation2020230620210121823Copyright © Моргунов Л.Ю., 20212021Моргунов Л.Ю.Morgunov L.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/229

Частота выявления новообразований надпочечников постоянно возрастает, их распространенность составляет 1-10%. Хотя в каждом случае необходимо выявить гормональную активность и злокачественный потенциал, большая часть из них представлена гормонально неактивными и доброкачественными аденомами. Примерно пятая часть образований надпочечников после дальнейшей верификации представляет собой гормонально активные или карциномы, требующие оперативного лечения. Основная цель визуализирующих исследований при инциденталомах состоит в своевременном выявлении злокачественных опухолей; для определения характеристик новообразований используют компьютерную томографию, магнитно-резонансную томографию и при необходимости ряд радиоизотопных исследований. Размер выявленного на компьютерных томограммах образования, превышающий 4-6 см, его неровный край или неоднородность структуры, коэффициент ослабления 10 единиц Хаунсфилда или выше при неконтрастном исследовании, вымывание контрастного вещества через 10 или 15 минут менее чем на 40%, кальцификация и инвазия в окружающие ткани предполагают злокачественность поражения надпочечников, вероятность этого повышается при сочетании данных признаков. Разработанные методы визуализации и лабораторная оценка с большой достоверностью позволяют судить об их морфологической структуре и функциональности.В настоящее время разработаны принципы наблюдения за ростом и гормональной активностью образований надпочечников, однако вопросы длительного динамического наблюдения за ними остаются малоизученными.

Detection of adrenal neoplasms frequency is increasing constantly, their estimated at 1 to10%. Although in each case it is necessary to identify hormonal activity and malignant potential, most of them are represented by hormone inactive and benign adenomas. Approximately a fifth of the adrenal formations after further verification are hormone-active or carcinomas that require surgical treatment. The main goal of imaging studies in adrenal incidentalomas is the timely detection of malignant tumors; to determine the characteristics of neoplasms, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and, if necessary, a number of radioisotope studies are used. The size of the lesion detected on computed tomograms exceeding 4-6 cm, its uneven edge or heterogeneity of the structure, an attenuation coefficient of 10 Hounsfield units or higher with a non-contrast study, washout of the contrast agent after 10 or 15 minutes by less than 40%, calcification and invasion in the surrounding tissues suggest the malignancy of the adrenal gland lesion, the likelihood of this increases with a combination of these signs. The developed visualization methods and laboratory evaluation allow to assess their morphological structure and functionality with high confidence. The principles of monitoring the growth and hormonal activity of adrenal formations had been currently developed, but the aspects of the long-term dynamic monitoring remain poorly understood. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.