lvrachЛечащий ВрачLechaschi Vrach1560-51752687-118110.26295/OS.2020.19.20.002lvrach-184Research ArticleСтатьиАртериальная гипертензия при хронической болезни почек: современное состояние проблемыArterial hypertension in chronic kidney disease: current state of the problemЗуеваТ. В.ZuevaT. V.

Ekaterinburg

zt_2008@mail.ruЖдановаТ. В.ZhdanovaT. V.

Ekaterinburg

noemail@neicon.ruФГБОУ ВО УГМУ МЗ РФРоссияFederal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ural State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian Federation202023062021091114Copyright © Зуева Т.В., Жданова Т.В., 20212021Зуева Т.В., Жданова Т.В.Zueva T.V., Zhdanova T.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/184

Артериальная гипертензия (АГ) является значимой проблемой системы здравоохранения. Это основной модифицируемый фактор риска развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ), инсульта и почечной недостаточности. Длительная и устойчивая АГ ускоряет прогрессирование заболевания почек до терминальной стадии, а прогрессирующее снижение функции почек, наоборот, способствует повышению артериального давления (АД) и ухудшению его контроля. Хроническая болезнь почек (ХБП) является как распространенной причиной гипертонии, так и осложнением неконтролируемой АГ. АГ и ХБП тесно связаны смешанными причинно-следственными связями. Поскольку АГ может быть причиной и следствием ХБП, распространенность ее выше и контролировать ее сложнее. Взаимодействие между АГ и ХБП является сложным и повышает риск неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых и цереброваскулярных исходов. Патофизиология АГ при ХБП сложна и представляет собой следствие множества факторов, включая снижение массы нефронов, повышенную задержку натрия и расширение внеклеточного объема, гиперактивность симпатической нервной системы, активацию гормонов, включая ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновую систему, и эндотелиальную дисфункцию. Пациенты с ХБП чаще имеют АГ высокого риска: скрытую, резистентную и ночную гипертензию. Настоящий обзор литературы посвящен современным представлениям о распространенности, патогенезе, течении, контроле, принципах лечения АГ при ХБП. Актуальность данной проблемы связана с ростом числа больных с АГ и ХБП во всем мире и их высокой заболеваемостью и смертностью. Двунаправленный характер взаимосвязи АГ и ХБП делает перспективным изучение этих двух состояний с целью замедления темпов прогрессирования почечной и кардиальной дисфункций.

Arterial hypertension (AHT) is a significant problem in the healthcare system. It is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, and renal failure. Long-term and persistent hypertension accelerates the progression of kidney disease to the terminal stage, and a progressive decline in renal function, on the contrary, increases blood pressure (BP) and worsens its control. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is both a common cause of hypertension and a complication of uncontrolled hypertension. Hypertension and CKD are closely related by mixed causal relationships. Because hypertension can be a cause and effect of CKD, its prevalence is higher and more difficult to control. The interaction between hypertension and CKD is complex and increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes. The pathophysiology of hypertension in CKD is complex and is a consequence of many factors, including decreased nephron mass, increased sodium retention and expansion of extracellular volume, overactive sympathetic nervous system, activation of hormones, including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and endothelial dysfunction. Patients with CKD are more likely to have high-risk hypertension: latent, resistant and nocturnal hypertension. This literature review is devoted to modern concepts of the prevalence, pathogenesis, course, control, principles of hypertension treatment in CKD. The urgency of this problem is associated with an increase in the number of patients with hypertension and CKD worldwide and their high morbidity and mortality. The bi-directional nature of the relationship between hypertension and CKD makes it promising to study these two conditions in order to slow the rate of progression of renal and cardiac dysfunction. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.