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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство "Открытые системы"»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2026.29.6.015</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-1649</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНАЯ ТЕМА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TOPICAL THEME</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современное состояние проблемы пролежней: актуальные патофизиологические и клинические аспекты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The current state of the issue of pressure ulcers: relevant pathophysiological and clinical aspects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8543-4923</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Путилин</surname><given-names>Д. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Putilin</surname><given-names>D. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Путилин Дмитрий Олегович, аспирант кафедры анестезиологии-реаниматологии Института высшего и дополнительного профессионального образования</p><p>107031, Москва, ул. Петровка, 25 стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry O. Putilin, PhD student ща the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation at the Institute of Advanced Professional Education</p><p>25 bld 2 Petrovka str., Moscow, 107031</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitriy.putilin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4442-2526</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Охлопков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Okhlopkov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Охлопков Виталий Александрович, д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный работник высшей школы Российской Федерации, ректор Института высшего и дополнительного профессионального образования</p><p>107031, Москва, ул. Петровка, 25 стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaliy A. Okhlopkov, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honored Worker of Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Rector of the Institute of Advanced Professional Education</p><p>25 bld 2 Petrovka str., Moscow, 107031</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">okhlopkov.va@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-5725</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спиридонова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spiridonova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Спиридонова Елена Александровна, д.м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической патофизиологии критических состояний Научно-исследовательского института общей реаниматологии имени В. А. Неговского</p><p>107031, Москва, ул. Петровка, 25 стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Spiridonova, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Clinical Pathophysiology of Critical Conditions at the V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology</p><p>25 bld 2 Petrovka str., Moscow, 107031</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">spiridonova.e.a@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научно-клинический центр реаниматологии и реабилитологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Reanimatology and Rehabilitation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>111</fpage><lpage>119</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Путилин Д.О., Охлопков В.А., Спиридонова Е.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Путилин Д.О., Охлопков В.А., Спиридонова Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Putilin D.O., Okhlopkov V.A., Spiridonova E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1649">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1649</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Пролежни остаются одной из наиболее актуальных проблем у пациентов в длительном бессознательном состоянии, приводя к значительным медицинским и социальным последствиям. Распространенность заболевания среди госпитализированных больных достигает 18%. При этом у пациентов отделений реанимации риск развития пролежней возрастает до 40-60% в зависимости от длительности иммобилизации.Цель работы. Представить обзор современной литературы относительно патогенеза, диагностики, лечения и профилактики пролежней, а также рассмотреть морфофункциональные особенности кожи, лежащие в основе развития ишемически некротических изменений, и ключевые факторы риска. Дополнительно планируется систематизировать данные по эффективности профилактических мероприятий в разных клинических группах.Материалы и методы. В исследовании проанализировано 55 литературных источников из различных баз данных. Изучено влияние механического давления, различных физических факторов, химических веществ, микроорганизмов, нарушения сна, стресса, системных заболеваний и синдрома последствий интенсивной терапии на барьерную функцию кожи. Рассмотрены факторы риска развития пролежней (обратимые — гипотензия, гиповолемия, гипопротеинемия; необратимые — возраст) и механизмы их воздействия (ухудшение микроциркуляции, трофики и иннервации вследствие обструкции сосудов, гипоксия при длительном — более 1-2 часов — действии давления). Для оценки достоверности данных применен метод метаанализа отдельных исследований с высоким уровнем доказательности.Результаты. Для лечения пролежней в зависимости от стадии заболевания применяются гидроколлоидные, гидрогелевые, альгинатные, гелеобразующие пенные повязки, а также хирургические (в т. ч. удаление некротизированных тканей) и физиотерапевтические методы. Рассмотрены перспективы применения инновационных методов. Сделан вывод о том, что своевременные диагностика и лечение пролежней — мультидисциплинарные задачи, сохраняющие высокую актуальность. Внедрение комплексных профилактических программ позволило снизить частоту тяжелых форм пролежней на 22% в наблюдаемых когортах пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Pressure ulcers remain one of the most pressing problems in patients in a prolonged unconscious state, leading to significant medical and social consequences. The prevalence of the condition among hospitalized patients reaches 18%. At the same time, in intensive care unit patients, the risk of developing pressure ulcers rises to 40-60% depending on the duration of immobilization.Objective. To provide a review of current literature on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of pressure ulcers, as well as to examine the morphofunctional features of the skin underlying the development of ischemic necrotic changes and key risk factors. Additionally, it is planned to systematize data on the effectiveness of preventive measures in different clinical groups.Materials and methods. The study analyzed 55 literature sources from various databases. The influence of mechanical pressure, various physical factors, chemicals, microorganisms, sleep disturbances, stress, systemic diseases and post intensive care syndrome on skin barrier function was studied. Risk factors for pressure ulcer development (reversible – hypotension, hypovolemia, hypoproteinemia; irreversible – age) and their mechanisms of action (impaired microcirculation, trophism and innervation due to vascular obstruction, hypoxia under prolonged pressure – more than 1-2 hours) were considered. To assess data reliability, a meta analysis method was applied to individual studies with a high level of evidence.Results. Depending on the disease stage, pressure ulcers are treated with hydrocolloid, hydrogel, alginate, gel forming foam dressings, as well as surgical (including removal of necrotic tissue) and physiotherapeutic methods. The prospects for using innovative methods were discussed. It was concluded that timely diagnosis and treatment of pressure ulcers is a multidisciplinary task that remains highly relevant. The implementation of comprehensive preventive programs has reduced the incidence of severe pressure ulcer forms by 22% in the observed patient cohorts.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пролежни</kwd><kwd>декубитальная язва</kwd><kwd>пролежневая рана</kwd><kwd>барьерная функция кожи</kwd><kwd>патофизиология пролежней</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pressure ulcers</kwd><kwd>decubital ulcer</kwd><kwd>pressure sore (pressure wound)</kwd><kwd>skin barrier function</kwd><kwd>pathophysiology of pressure ulcers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel, Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance. Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries: Clinical Practice Guideline: The International Guideline. 2025. 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