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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство "Открытые системы"»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2026.29.6.009</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-1643</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕДИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Практические рекомендации по введению прикорма с позиций современных представлений о профилактике пищевой аллергии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Practical recommendations for introducing complementary foods in the context of modern food allergy prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3056-403X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макарова Светлана Геннадиевна, д.м.н., доцент, заместитель директора</p><p>119296, Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana G. Makarova, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Deputy director</p><p>2 b. 1 Lomonosovsky Prospekt, Moscow, 119296</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sm27@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Макарова С.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макарова С.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makarova S.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1643">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1643</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Начиная приблизительно с шестимесячного возраста ребенка его физиологические потребности в питательных веществах уже не могут быть полностью удовлетворены исключительно грудным молоком или адаптированной смесью, что обусловливает необходимость введения прикорма. Термин «прикорм» (complementary feeding) охватывает все продукты питания, как твердые, так и жидкие, за исключением грудного молока и детских смесей. Введение прикорма является одним из критических периодов первого года жизни ребенка. Питательная ценность, форма и способ употребления продуктов прикорма влияют на вкусовые предпочтения и пищевые привычки на протяжении всей жизни. Выбор корректного возраста для начала прикорма и составление адекватного индивидуального плана введения продуктов питания в рацион имеют огромное значение для обеспечения физиологических потребностей ребенка в энергии и питательных веществах, формирования здорового пищевого поведения, а также, как показали недавние исследования, для процессов, связанных с пищевой толерантностью. На успешное введение разнообразных продуктов в рацион ребенка влияет множество факторов, таких как способы приготовления пищи, очередность введения продуктов в рацион и социально-психологический климат в семье. В настоящее время ряд исследований направлен на изучение влияния продуктов прикорма на формирование кишечного микробиома и иммунный ответ с точки зрения риска развития пищевой аллергии.Результаты. В данном обзоре мы приводим анализ как научных исследований, так и согласительных документов последних лет, посвященных нюансам введения в рацион ребенка первого года жизни распространенных пищевых аллергенов и воздействию прикорма на микробиоту кишечника и иммунную систему. Также даются основанные на доказательной базе и согласительных документах практические рекомендации по введению прикорма с позиций понимания профилактических стратегий в отношении аллергических болезней, а также нюансы введения прикорма детям с пищевой аллергией.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Starting at approximately six months of age, exclusive breastfeeding and infant formula alone are no longer sufficient to meet all nutrient needs, and complementary foods should be introduced. Complementary feeding refers to the introduction of solid and soft foods, other than breast milk and infant formula. The introduction of complementary food is a critical period in a first year of life. The nutritional value, texture, and feeding method of complementary foods help to establish taste preferences and good eating habits later in life. Choosing the right age to begin complementary feeding and developing an appropriate, individualized food introduction plan are crucial for meeting the child's physiological needs for energy and nutrients, developing healthy eating behaviors, and, as recent studies have shown, for processes related to food tolerance. The successful introduction of a variety of foods into a child's diet is influenced by many factors, such as food preparation methods, the order in which foods are introduced, and the socio-psychological climate in the family. Currently, a number of studies are aimed at examining the influence of complementary foods on the development of the intestinal microbiome and the immune response in relation to the risk of developing food allergies.Results. In this review, we analyze both scientific studies and consensus documents from recent years devoted to the nuances of introducing common food allergens into the diet of children in the first year of life and the impact of complementary foods on the intestinal microbiome and the immune system. We also provide evidence-based and consensus-based practical recommendations for introducing complementary foods from the perspective of understanding preventive strategies for allergic diseases, as well as the nuances of introducing complementary foods to children with food allergies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>педиатрия</kwd><kwd>пищевая аллергия</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>детская диетология</kwd><kwd>прикорм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pediatrics</kwd><kwd>food allergy</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>pediatric dietetics</kwd><kwd>complementary feeding</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO Health Topic: Complementary feeding [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.who.int/health-topics/complementary-feeding#tab=tab_1 (Accessed: 12.05.2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO Health Topic: Complementary feeding [Electronic resource] URL: https:// www.who.int/health-topics/complementary-feeding#tab=tab_1 (Accessed: 12.05.2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Capra M. 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