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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство "Открытые системы"»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2026.29.5.002</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-1609</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GASTROENTEROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности терапевтических возможностей лечения неалкогольной жировой болезни печени и нарушений углеводного обмена</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of therapeutic options for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and carbohydrate metabolism disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9390-1200</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петунина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petunina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петунина Нина Александровна, д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент Российской академии наук, заведующая кафедрой эндокринологии и метаболического здоровья Института клинической медицины им. Н. В. Склифосовского,</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nina A. Petunina, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Health of N. V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine,</p><p>8/2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">napetunina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8007-9721</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тельнова</surname><given-names>М. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Telnova</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тельнова Милена Эдуардовна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры эндокринологии и метаболического здоровья Института клинической медицины им. Н. В. Склифосовского,</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Milena Е. Теlnova, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Health of N. V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine,</p><p>8/2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">milena.telnova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7025-8427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончарова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гончарова Екатерина Валерьевна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры эндокринологии и метаболического здоровья Института клинической медицины им. Н. В. Склифосовского, </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Goncharova, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Health of N. V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, </p><p>8/2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">goncharova_ev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7923-4894</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzina</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузина Ирина Александровна, ассистент кафедры эндокринологии и метаболического здоровья Института клинической медицины им. Н. В.  Склифосовского, </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Kuzina, assistant of the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Health of N. V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine,</p><p>8/2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mia986@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution> Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петунина Н.А., Тельнова М.Э., Гончарова Е.В., Кузина И.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петунина Н.А., Тельнова М.Э., Гончарова Е.В., Кузина И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petunina N.A., Telnova M.E., Goncharova E.V., Kuzina I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1609">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1609</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Одно из самых распространенных заболеваний в мире – сахарный диабет, а неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени признана самым частым хроническим заболеванием печени в мире. Согласно современным клиническим рекомендациям неалкогольная (метаболически ассоциированная) жировая болезнь печени представляет собой хроническое заболевание печени, связанное с метаболической дисфункцией, при котором более чем в 5% гепатоцитов определяется макровезикулярный стеатоз. В 75% случаев неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени протекает на фоне ожирения, дислипидемии, артериальной гипертонии, сахарного диабета 2-го типа или нарушения толерантности к глюкозе. Продемонстрировано, что между неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени и сахарным диабетом 2-го типа существует стойкая взаимосвязь – двунаправленная ассоциация патофизиологических, эпидемиологических и клинических характеристик. Сочетание сахарного диабета 2-го типа и неалкогольной жировой болезни печени увеличивает риск развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в два раза, цирроза и гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы – в 2-2,5 раза, смерти от заболеваний печени – в 22 раза по сравнению с общей популяцией. Инсулинорезистентность является ведущим фактором в развитии неалкогольной жировой болезни печени. Накоплены данные, свидетельствующие о вкладе в патогенез неалкогольной жировой болезни печени кишечной микрофлоры, обмена желчных кислот, феномена аутофагии. Нередко клинические проявления неалкогольной жировой болезни печени отсутствуют или слабо выражены. В реальной клинической практике к врачам обращаются пациенты с жалобами, которые обусловлены коморбидными заболеваниями, ассоциирующимися с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени. Современные подходы к лечению данной нозологии направлены на профилактику прогрессирования заболевания печени, регресс стеатоза, стеатогепатита и фиброза, а также на снижение кардиометаболических факторов риска. Известно, что между неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени и нарушениями углеводного обмена существует тесная взаимосвязь, основанная на общих этиопатогенетических факторах развития. Заключение. Многосторонний подход к ведению пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени и сахарным диабетом 2-го типа с применением урсодезоксихолевой кислоты может быть рекомендован при всех формах данного заболевания. В то же время коррекция массы тела, физическая активность, изменения пищевого поведения являются эффективными мерами для предупреждения развития неалкогольной жировой болезни печени и способствуют снижению риска развития и прогрессирования кардиометаболических нарушений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases worldwide, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is recognized as the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. According to current clinical guidelines, non-alcoholic (metabolic dysfunction-associated) steatotic liver disease is a chronic liver condition characterised by macrovesicular steatosis involving at least 5% of hepatocytes. In 75% of cases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease occurs in the presence of obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or impaired glucose tolerance. A consistent "bidirectional association" of pathophysiological, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics has been demonstrated between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes. The comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic steatotic liver disease doubles the risk of cardiovascular diseases, confers a 2-2.5-fold increased risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as a 22-fold excess risk of liver-related mortality, compared with the general population. Insulin resistance is a leading factor in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Evidence has accumulated indicating that intestinal microflora, bile acid metabolism, and autophagy contribute to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clinical manifestations of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are often absent or mild. In real-world clinical practice, patients present to physicians with complaints related to comorbid conditions associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Modern approaches to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease treatment are aimed at preventing liver disease progression, regressing steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis, and reducing cardiometabolic risk factors. It is known that there is a close relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and carbohydrate metabolism disorders, based on common etiopathogenetic factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A multifaceted approach to managing patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes, using ursodeoxycholic acid, can be recommended for all forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. At the same time, weight management, physical activity, and dietary changes are effective measures not only for preventing the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease but also for reducing the risk of developing and progressing cardiometabolic disorders.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет второго типа</kwd><kwd>инсулинорезистентность</kwd><kwd>урсодезоксихолевая кислота</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-alcoholic fatty liver disease</kwd><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>insulin resistance</kwd><kwd>ursodeoxycholic acid</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/748_2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/748_2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ливзан М. 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