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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство "Открытые системы"»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2026.29.4.013</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-1599</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВНУТРЕННИЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNAL DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние дефицита железа на иммунный ответ у пациентов с врожденными дефектами иммунитета: обзор современных данных</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The impact of iron deficiency on immune response in patients with inborn errors of immunity: a review of current evidence</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2917-9318</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дайхес</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Daykhes</surname><given-names>Alena V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дайхес Алена Валерьевна, ординатор,</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8/2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alena V. Daykhes, Resident, </p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mulenkovaalena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7822-2477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корсунский</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korsunskiy</surname><given-names>Ilya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корсунский Илья Анатольевич, д.м.н., врач,</p><p>123317, Москва, Шмитовский проезд, 29.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya A. Korsunskiy, Dr. of Sci. (Med.),</p><p>29 Shmitovsky Proezd, Moscow, 123317</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iliakors@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>Ludmila A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федорова Людмила Анатольевна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры педиатрии и детских инфекционных болезней Клинического института детского здоровья имени Н. Ф. Филатова, </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8/2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ludmila A. Fedorova, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases at the Clinical Institute of Children's Health named after N. F. Filatov, </p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ludmila-fedorova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9087-1656</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корсунский</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korsunskiy</surname><given-names>Anatoly A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корсунский Анатолий Александрович, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой педиатрии и детских инфекционных болезней Клинического института детского здоровья имени Н. Ф. Филатова, </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8/2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly A. Korsunskiy, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases at the Clinical Institute of Children's Health named after N. F. Filatov, </p><p>8/2, Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr_kaa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детская городская клиническая больница № 9 имени Г. Н. Сперанского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the City of Moscow Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 9 named after G. N. Speransky of the Department of Health of the City of Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>94</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дайхес А.В., Корсунский И.А., Федорова Л.А., Корсунский А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дайхес А.В., Корсунский И.А., Федорова Л.А., Корсунский А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Daykhes A.V., Korsunskiy I.A., Fedorova L.A., Korsunskiy A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1599">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1599</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Обобщить имеющиеся данные о влиянии дефицита железа на врожденный и адаптивный иммунитет с акцентом на молекулярные механизмы и клиническую значимость для пациентов с врожденными дефектами иммунитета. Статья представляет собой комплексный обзор, посвященный описанию корегуляторного значения железа в формировании иммунных механизмов, акцентуируя внимание на роли дефицита железа как фактора дисрегуляции различных звеньев иммунного ответа.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В обзоре представлен анализ роли гомеостаза железа в регуляции иммунной системы. Поиск литературы (1975-2025 гг.) проводился в базах данных PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar и eLibrary. Отбор публикаций основывался на их тематической релевантности, принадлежности к рецензируемым источникам и доступности полного текста. Обобщение направлено на формирование целостной картины современных знаний.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Настоящий обзор литературы демонстрирует ключевую роль железа в функционировании иммунной системы. Дефицит железа, представляющий глобальную проблему здравоохранения, комплексно нарушает иммунный ответ. Влияние железодефицита на гуморальное звено и цитокиновый профиль остается противоречивым. Со стороны врожденного иммунитета наблюдаются IRP-зависимое нарушение дифференцировки нейтрофилов и снижение пула предшественников дендритных клеток в костном мозге. Это приводит к дефектам адаптивного иммунитета: нарушению активации CD4+ Т-клеток и подавлению клональной экспансии CD8+ Т-лимфоцитов из-за блокады цикла трикарбоновых кислот и дефицита аспартата. Обнаруженные механизмы позволяют рассматривать дефицит железа как предиктор тяжелых инфекций и неэффективного вакцинального ответа у пациентов с врожденными дефектами иммунитета, что подчеркивает необходимость контроля показателей обмена железа при их ведении.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Дефицит железа у пациентов с иммунодефицитом создает порочный круг, усугубляющий исходное иммунодефицитное состояние и повышающий риск инфекций. Мониторинг показателей обмена железа и его своевременная коррекция должны рассматриваться как важный компонент диагностического алгоритма в комплексном ведении таких пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To summarize the available data on the impact of iron deficiency on innate and adaptive immunity, focusing on the molecular mechanisms and clinical implications for patients with inborn errors of immunity. This article is a comprehensive review dedicated to describing the co-regulatory significance of iron in the formation of immune mechanisms, highlighting the role of iron deficiency as a factor in the dysregulation of various arms of the immune response.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The review presents an analysis of the role of iron homeostasis in regulating the immune system. A literature search (1975-2025) was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and eLibrary databases. Publication selection was based on thematic relevance, belonging to peer-reviewed sources, and full-text availability. The goal of this synthesis is to provide a comprehensive picture of current knowledge.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. This literature review demonstrates the critical role of iron in immune system function. Iron deficiency, a global health problem, comprehensively disrupts the immune response. The impact of iron deficiency on humoral and cytokine profiles remains a subject of debate. On the part of innate immunity, IRP-dependent impairment of neutrophil differentiation and a reduced pool of dendritic cell precursors in the bone marrow are observed. This leads to defects in adaptive immunity: impaired activation of CD4+ T cells and suppression of clonal expansion of CD8+ T lymphocytes due to blockade of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and aspartate deficiency. The discovered mechanisms indicate that iron deficiency can serve as a predictor of severe infections and an ineffective vaccine response in patients with inborn errors of immunity, underscoring the need to monitor iron metabolism parameters in their management.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Iron deficiency in immunocompromised patients creates a vicious cycle, worsening existing immunodeficiency and increasing the risk of infections. Monitoring iron metabolism parameters and its timely correction should be considered an important component of the diagnostic algorithm in the comprehensive management of such patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дефицит железа</kwd><kwd>врожденные дефекты иммунитета</kwd><kwd>иммунный ответ</kwd><kwd>дендритные клетки</kwd><kwd>CD8+ Т-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>нейтрофилы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>iron deficiencies</kwd><kwd>inborn errors of immunity</kwd><kwd>immune response</kwd><kwd>dendritic cells</kwd><kwd>CD8+ T lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>neutrophils</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frost J. N., Drakesmith H. Iron and the immune system. Nature Reviews Immunology. 2025. 16 June. DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01193-y. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40524018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frost J. 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