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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2026.29.4.012</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-1598</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВНУТРЕННИЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNAL DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Моноклональное антитело к RANKL деносумаб в лечении остеопороза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Denosumab, a RANKL monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of osteoporosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0143-0614</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лесняк</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lesnyak</surname><given-names>Olga M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лесняк Ольга Михайловна, д.м.н., профессор кафедры семейной медицины; ревматолог,</p><p>195067, Санкт-Петербург, Пискарёвский проспект, 47;</p><p>190068, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Подьяческая, 30.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga M. Lesnyak, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Family Medicine; Rheumatologist,</p><p>47, Piskarevsky Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, 195067;</p><p>30, Bolshaya Podyacheskaya str., St. Petersburg, 190068.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.m.lesnyak@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И. И. Мечникова; Клиническая ревматологическая больница № 25 имени В. А. Насоновой</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. I. Mechnikov Northwestern State Medical University; V. A. Nasonova Clinical Rheumatology Hospital No. 25</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лесняк О.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лесняк О.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lesnyak O.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1598">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1598</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Остеопороз — метаболическое заболевание скелета, характерное для пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста, ассоциированное с повышенным риском переломов. В России остеопорозом страдают не менее 16 млн человек, к 2050 г. ежегодное количество случаев переломов проксимального отдела бедренной кости из-за остеопороза составит более 200 тыс. Медикаментозное лечение остеопороза направлено на увеличение прочности костей и снижение риска переломов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Обзор посвящен возможностям применения деносумаба — моноклонального антитела к RANKL – в лечении остеопороза. Эффективность деносумаба в лечении остеопороза была доказана в целом ряде исследований II и III фазы. Прием препарата сопровождался ранним, существенным и продолжительным нарастанием минеральной плотности костной ткани во всех отделах скелета. Деносумаб относится к антирезорбтивным препаратам: он связывается с белком RANKL, подавляя активность остеокластов и снижая резорбцию кости, что приводит к увеличению костной массы и прочности как кортикальной, так и трабекулярной кости. Исследования показали, что, в отличие от бисфосфонатов, при длительном применении которых через 4-5 лет минеральная плотность костной ткани выходит на плато, несмотря на сохраняющуюся эффективность в отношении предотвращения переломов, применение деносумаба сопровождалось постоянным приростом в течение 10-летнего периода лечения. Помимо постменопаузального остеопороза была доказана эффективность деносумаба при лечении остеопороза у мужчин. Деносумаб также эффективен при остеопорозе, индуцированном ингибиторами ароматазы, и при остеопорозе, вызванном приемом глюкокортикоидов. Отмечено, что длительная терапия остеопороза деносумабом сопровождается снижением риска развития сахарного диабета. Эффект деносумаба на костную ткань и костный обмен полностью обратим. Поскольку препарат не реагирует непосредственно с костной тканью и в отличие от бисфосфонатов не накапливается в ней, его эффект сохраняется ровно столько, сколько он находится в циркуляции. Длительное лечение деносумабом может сопровождаться такими побочными эффектами, как медикаментозный остеонекроз челюсти и атипичный перелом бедра. При длительной (10 лет) терапии деносумабом остеопороза сохраняется благоприятное соотношение риска и пользы: один атипичный перелом бедра может развиться на 281 предупрежденный остеопорозный перелом, и один случай медикаментозного остеонекроза челюсти – на 40 предупрежденных остеопорозных переломов. Таким образом, деносумаб — эффективный и относительно безопасный препарат для длительного лечения различных форм остеопороза, требующий строгого соблюдения режима введения и продуманной стратегии завершения терапии. В апреле 2025 г. на рынок Российской Федерации вышел первый биоаналог деносумаба. Данный препарат прошел все этапы исследования, включая этап in vitro по изучению физико-химических и биологических свойств, доклиническую фазу по изучению биосопоставимости и безопасности биоаналога и оригинального препарата, а также клинические исследования.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic skeletal disorder, most common in older and geriatric patients, leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk. In Russia osteoporosis is estimated to affect at least 16 million people, and, by 2050, the annual incidence of osteoporotic proximal femur fractures is projected to exceed 200,000 cases. Pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis aims to enhance bone strength and reduce fracture risk.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. This review highlights denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody to RANKL, as a promising therapeutic option for osteoporosis. The efficacy of denosumab in the treatment of osteoporosis has been demonstrated in several Phase II and III clinical trials. The administration of the drug was associated with an early, significant, and sustained increase in bone mineral density across all skeletal sites. Denosumab is an antiresorptive agent; by binding to RANKL, thereby it inhibits osteoclast activation and subsequent bone resorption, resulting in an increase in bone mass and strength in both cortical and trabecular bone. In contrast to bisphosphonates, where bone mineral density reaches a plateau after 4-5 years despite sustained anti-fracture efficacy, denosumab therapy demonstrated a progressive and sustained increase in bone mineral density over 10 years of continuous use. In addition to postmenopausal osteoporosis, the efficacy of denosumab has been demonstrated in the treatment of male osteoporosis. Denosumab also demonstrated efficacy in both aromatase inhibitor-induced and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Long-term denosumab therapy is associated with a reduced incidence of diabetes mellitus. The effects of denosumab on bone tissue and bone turnover are fully reversible. Since denosumab does not interact directly with bone tissue and, in contrast to bisphosphonates, is not incorporated into the bone matrix, its therapeutic effect is maintained only during its presence in the systemic circulation. Long-term denosumab treatment may be associated with a range of adverse effects, such as drug-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fracture. With 10 years of denosumab therapy, a favorable skeletal benefit-risk profile was maintained, with one atypical femoral fracture and one case of drug-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw occurring per 281 and 40 prevented osteoporotic fractures, respectively. Denosumab is an effective and relatively safe medication for the long-term treatment of various forms of osteoporosis, requiring strict adherence to the dosing schedule and a well-defined treatment cessation strategy. The first denosumab biosimilar was launched on the Russian market in April 2025. This product has completed all stages of evaluation, including in vitro physicochemical and biological characterization, preclinical studies of biosimilarity and safety compared to the reference product, and clinical trials.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>деносумаб</kwd><kwd>постменопаузальный остеопороз</kwd><kwd>остеопороз у мужчин</kwd><kwd>антирезорбтивная терапия</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>длительность терапии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>denosumab</kwd><kwd>postmenopausal osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>osteoporosis in men</kwd><kwd>antiresorptive therapy</kwd><kwd>efficacy</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd><kwd>duration of therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Закроева А. Г., Бабалян В. Н., Габдулина Г. Х., Лобанченко О. В., Ершова О. Б., Исаева C. М., Исаева Б. Г., Исмаилов С. 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