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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство "Открытые системы"»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2026.29.4.005</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-1591</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕДИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Этиологическая гетерогенность острого повреждения почек при вирусных диареях у детей раннего возраста: значение неинвазивных биомаркеров (NGAL, KIM-1, L-FABP, ИЛ-1)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Etiologic heterogeneity of acute kidney injury in viral diarrhea in infants: the role of noninvasive biomarkers (NGAL, KIM-1, L-FABP, IL-1)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-8655</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савинкова</surname><given-names>П. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savinkova</surname><given-names>Polina Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савинкова Полина Юрьевна, педиатр, аспирант кафедры инфекционных болезней,</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina Yu. Savinkova, Pediatrician, PhD student of the Department of Children's Infectious Diseases,</p><p>2/1, b. 1 Barrikadnaya str., Moscow, 125993.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polinkaluzan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2570-711X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшеничная</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pshenichcnaya</surname><given-names>Natalia Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Пшеничная Наталья Юрьевна, д.м.н., профессор, заместитель директора по клинико-аналитической работе; заведующая кафедрой инфекционных болезней; профессор кафедры инфекционных болезней,</p><p>111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, 3а;</p><p>125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1;</p><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia Yu. Pshenichnaya, Deputy Director for Clinical and Analytical Work; Head of the Department of Infectious Diseases; Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases,</p><p>3a, Novogireevskaya str., Moscow, 111123;</p><p>2/1, b. 1, Barrikadnaya str., Moscow, 125993;</p><p>61/2, Schepkina str., Moscow, 129110.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pshenichnaya@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2744-2752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тучкова</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tuchkova</surname><given-names>Svetlana N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тучкова Светлана Николаевна, младший научный сотрудник отдела предиктивных и прогностических биомаркеров НИИ молекулярной и персонализированной медицины; младший научный сотрудник отдела фармакогенетики и персонализированной терапии Центра геномных исследований мирового уровня,</p><p>125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1;</p><p>119991, Москва, Абрикосовский пер., 2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana N. Tuchkova, Junior Researcher, Department of Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers, Research Institute of Molecular and Personalized Medicine; Junior Researcher, Department of Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Therapy, Center for World-Class Genomic Research,</p><p>2/1, b. 1, Barrikadnaya str., Moscow, 125993;</p><p>2, Abrikosovsky Lane, Moscow, 119991.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlana.tuch1998@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазанкова</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazankova</surname><given-names>Lyudmila N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мазанкова Людмила Николаевна, заслуженный врач Российской Федерации, д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой детских инфекционных болезней,</p><p>125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila N. Mazankova, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases,</p><p>2/1, b. 1, Barrikadnaya str., Moscow, 125993.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии; Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования; Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М. Ф. Владимирского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Institute of Epidemiology; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education; Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M. F. Vladimirsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования; Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б. В. Петровского», Центр предиктивной генетики, фармакогенетики и персонализированной терапии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education; Russian Scientific Center of Surgery named after Academician B. V. Petrovsky, "Center for Predictive Genetics, Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Therapy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Савинкова П.Ю., Пшеничная Н.Ю., Тучкова С.Н., Мазанкова Л.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Савинкова П.Ю., Пшеничная Н.Ю., Тучкова С.Н., Мазанкова Л.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Savinkova P.Y., Pshenichcnaya N.Y., Tuchkova S.N., Mazankova L.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1591">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1591</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Провести сравнительный анализ частоты встречаемости острого повреждения почек у детей раннего возраста при ротавирусной, норовирусной инфекциях и COVID-19 с гастроинтестинальным синдромом и определить его связь с клиническими предикторами и показателями неинвазивных биомаркеров.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обследовано 148 детей от одного месяца до одного года жизни, госпитализированных в Детскую городскую клиническую больницу имени З. А. Башляевой с диагнозом «острый инфекционный гастроэнтерит различной этиологии». Пациенты были разделены на три группы: 1-я – больные ротавирусной инфекцией (n = 40), 2-я – норовирусной (n = 25) и 3-я – гастроинтестинальной формой COVID-19 (n = 83). Всем пациентам проводилось стандартное лабораторное обследование, а также определение методом иммуноферментного аналиа в моче NGAL, KIM-1, L-FABP, интерлейкина-1. Оценивались клинические симптомы, сроки госпитализации, степень эксикоза, клинические предикторы острого повреждения почек.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Частота риска развития острого повреждения почек при ротавирусной и норовирусной инфекциях составила 60% и 52% соответственно, при COVID-19 – 32,5% (р &lt; 0,05). Для COVID-19 ведущим симптомом являлась рвота. Ротовирусная инфекция ассоциировалась с наиболее тяжелым диарейным синдромом и выраженными изменениями кислотно-щелочного состояния, критическим фактором оказался более поздний срок госпитализации (р &lt; 0,01). Медиана NGAL составила 40,1 нг/мл у пациентов с острым повреждением почек против 5,8 нг/мл у пациентов без такового (p &lt; 0,001), для KIM-1 – 0,404 нг/мл против 0,049 нг/мл и L-FABP – 3,928 нг/мл против 0,098 нг/мл. Интерлейкин-1 не продемонстрировал значимых различий (p = 0,250). Повышение уровней NGAL и KIM-1 ассоциировалось с более тяжелым течением заболевания, степенью эксикоза и ацидозом. L-FABP, интерлейкин-18 также повышались при остром повреждении почек, но уступали NGAL в чувствительности. KIM-1 выступал верификатором тубулярного повреждения при ацидозе (pH &lt; 7,30). Эти результаты подчеркивают значимость NGAL и KIM-1 в оценке риска развития и тяжести почечного повреждения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Этиологическая принадлежность вирусной диареи определяет патогенетический вариант острого повреждения почек и требует дифференцированного подхода к ее диагностике. NGAL является универсальным ранним маркером риска острого повреждения почек, KIM-1 – верификатором тубулярного повреждения при ацидозе на более поздних сроках заболевания. Полученные данные могут быть использованы для персонифицированного ведения пациентов в зависимости от этиологии диареи.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of the incidence of acute kidney injury in infants with rotavirus, norovirus, and COVID-19 associated with gastrointestinal syndrome and to determine its association with clinical predictors and noninvasive biomarkers.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A total of 148 children aged 1 month to 1 year, hospitalized at the Z. A. Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital with a diagnosis of acute infectious gastroenteritis of various etiologies, were examined. Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1: patients with rotavirus infection (RVs, n = 40), Group 2: patients with norovirus infection (NoVs, n = 25), and Group 3: patients with the gastrointestinal form of COVID-19 (n = 83). All patients underwent standard laboratory testing, including urine ELISA testing for NGAL, KIM-1, L-FABP, and IL-1. Clinical symptoms, hospitalization duration, degree of exsiccosis, and clinical predictors of acute kidney injury were assessed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The risk of developing acute kidney injury in patients with RVs and NoVs was 60% and 52%, respectively, compared to 32.5% for COVID-19 (p &lt; 0.05). Vomiting was the leading symptom of COVID-19. RVs is associated with the most severe diarrhea and significant acid-base balance changes, with a later hospitalization time proving to be a critical factor (p &lt; 0.01). The median NGAL was 40.1 ng/ ml in patients with AKI versus 5.8 ng/ml in patients without AKI (p &lt; 0.001), for KIM-1 it was 0.404 ng/ml versus 0.049 ng/ml, and for L-FABP it was 3.928 ng/ml versus 0.098 ng/ml. IL-1 showed no significant differences (p = 0.250). Elevated NGAL and KIM-1 levels were associated with more severe disease, the degree of exsiccosis, and acidosis. L-FABP and IL-18 also increased in AKI but were less sensitive than NGAL. KIM-1 was a marker of tubular damage in acidosis (pH &lt; 7.30). These results highlight the importance of NGAL and KIM-1 in assessing the risk of developing and the severity of renal injury.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The etiology of viral diarrhea determines the pathogenetic variant of AKI and requires a differentiated approach to its diagnosis. NGAL is a universal early marker of AKI risk, while KIM-1 verifies tubular damage during acidosis later in the disease. The data obtained can be used for personalized patient management depending on the etiology of diarrhea.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острое повреждение почек</kwd><kwd>вирусные диареи</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>NGAL</kwd><kwd>KIM-1</kwd><kwd>L-FABP</kwd><kwd>интерлейкин-1</kwd><kwd>ротавирус</kwd><kwd>норовирус</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>ранняя диагностика</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute kidney injury</kwd><kwd>viral diarrhea</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>NGAL</kwd><kwd>KIM-1</kwd><kwd>L-FABP</kwd><kwd>IL-1</kwd><kwd>rotavirus</kwd><kwd>norovirus</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>early diagnosis</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Автономной некоммерческой организации «Объединение выпускников и друзей МАНПО» (Договор № 02/24-Г-НИР от 5 августа 2024 г.). Спонсор не участвовал в разработке дизайна исследования, сборе, анализе и интерпретации данных, а также в написании статьи и принятии решения о ее публикации.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was supported by the Autonomous NonCommercial Organization "Association of Graduates and Friends of the International Academy of Postgraduate Education" (Agreement No. 02/24-G-NIR dated August 5, 2024). The sponsor did not participate in the study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation, or in the writing of the article or the decision to publish it.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. Diarrhoeal disease. Rotavirus infection 2018. 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