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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2026.29.4.002</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-1588</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕДИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности поражения печени при болезни Ниманна — Пика типов А, A/B и В (дефицит кислой сфингомиелиназы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of liver damage in Niemann — Pick disease type A, A/B and B (deficiency of acidic sphingomyelinase)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2881-4703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мовсисян</surname><given-names>Г. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Movsisyan</surname><given-names>Goar B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мовсисян Гоар Борисовна, к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории редких наследственных болезней у детей Медикогенетического центра, педиатр, гастроэнтеролог гастроэнтерологического отделения; доцент кафедры детских болезней факультета усовершенствования врачей,</p><p>119296, Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, 2, стр. 1;</p><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Goar B. Movsisyan, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher at the Laboratory of Rare Hereditary Diseases in Children of the Medical and Genetic Center, pediatrician, gastroenterologist at the gastroenterological Department; Associate Professor of the Department of Pediatric Diseases,</p><p>2 b.1, Lomonosovsky Prospekt, Moscow, 119296;</p><p>61/2, Schepkina str., Moscow, 129110.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Movsisyan@nczd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6428-7424</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бокова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bokova</surname><given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бокова Татьяна Алексеевна, д.м.н., доцент, руководитель отделения педиатрии, заведующая кафедрой детских болезней факультета усовершенствования врачей,</p><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana A. Bokova, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatrics, Head of the Department of Pediatric Diseases,</p><p>61/2, Schepkina str., Moscow, 129110.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bta2304@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное учреждение Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Московской области Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М. Ф. Владимирского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Institution National Medical Research Center for Children's Health of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Moscow Region Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M. F. Vladimirsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Московской области Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М. Ф. Владимирского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Moscow Region Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M. F. Vladimirsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мовсисян Г.Б., Бокова Т.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мовсисян Г.Б., Бокова Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Movsisyan G.B., Bokova T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1588">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1588</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Недостаток кислой сфингомиелиназы (болезнь Ниманна – Пика) приводит к накоплению сфингомиелина в клетках ретикулоэндотелиальной системы, включая печень, селезенку, легкие и костный мозг. Поражение печени – одно из первых и постоянных висцеральных проявлений заболевания. В печени формируются пенистые клетки с характерной вакуолизированной цитоплазмой. В результате накопления патологического субстрата в клетках печени возникают воспаление и активация цитокинов, ремоделирование синусоидальной сети, перипортальный и мостовидный фиброз, прогрессирующая портальная гипертензия. Нарушение липидного обмена при болезни Ниманна – Пика сопровождается повышением уровня различных липидных фракций. Постепенное накопление липидов приводит к увеличению размеров печени (гепатомегалии) и формированию жировой дистрофии органа. Гепатомегалия, нарушение биохимических показателей и прогрессирующий фиброз оказывают существенное влияние на качество жизни пациентов и прогноз заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Анализ современных данных о патогенезе, клинических проявлениях, морфологических особенностях и лечении поражения печени при болезни Ниманна – Пика типов A, А/В и B.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Выполнен нарративный обзор публикаций за 2013-2025 гг., посвященных клинике, гистопатологии и терапии дефицита кислой сфингомиелиназы, включая влияние ферментной заместительной терапии на патологию печени.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Печень является ключевым органом-мишенью при болезни Ниманна – Пика типов A, А/В и B. Спектр изменений органа включает гепатомегалию, инфильтрацию паренхимы пенистыми макрофагами, прогрессирующий фиброз, цирроз, стеатоз печени и возможное развитие портальной гипертензии, печеночной недостаточности с необходимостью проведения трансплантации. Тяжесть поражения печени и возраст проявления изменений зависят от фенотипа заболевания. Печеночная недостаточность, помимо респираторной патологии, является основной причиной смертности при хронических формах болезни Ниманна – Пика. Современная ферментная заместительная терапия позволяет уменьшить объем печени, улучшить биохимические показатели и замедлить прогрессирование фиброза.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Ранняя диагностика и патогенетическая терапия являются ключевыми для замедления прогрессирования печеночной патологии при дефиците кислой сфингомиелиназы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (Niemann – Pick disease) leads to the intracellular accumulation of sphingomyelin within the mononuclear phagocyte system, including liver, spleen, lungs and bone marrow. Liver involvement represents one of the earliest and persistent visceral manifestations of the disease. Foamy macrophages featuring prominent cytoplasmic vacuolation are generated within the liver. Intracellular accumulation of pathological substrates in hepatocytes results in several pathological changes, including inflammation and cytokine release, remodeling of the sinusoidal network, periportal and bridging fibrosis and progressive portal hypertension. Dyslipidemia, associated with Niemann – Pick disease, is characterised by elevated levels of various lipid fractions. Gradual lipid accumulation leads to the liver enlargement (hepatomegaly) and the development of hepatic steatosis. Hepatomegaly, biochemical abnormalities and progressive fibrosis significantly impair the patients' quality of life and adversely affect the prognosis of the disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To analyze current data on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, morphological features, and treatment of liver damage in Niemann – Pick disease types A, A/B, and B.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A systematic review of publications from 2013-2025 on the clinical presentation, histopathology, and treatment of acid sphingomyelinase deficiency was conducted, including the impact of enzyme replacement therapy on liver pathology.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The liver is a key target organ in Niemann – Pick disease types A, A/B, and B. The spectrum of liver changes includes hepatomegaly, parenchymal infiltration with foamy macrophages, progressive fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatic steatosis, and the possible development of portal hypertension and liver failure requiring transplantation. The severity of liver damage and the age at onset of changes depend on the disease phenotype. Liver failure, in addition to respiratory disease, is the leading cause of death in chronic forms of Niemann – Pick disease. Modern enzyme replacement therapy can reduce liver volume, improve biochemical parameters, and slow the progression of fibrosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Early diagnosis and pathogenetic therapy are key to slowing the progression of liver disease in acid sphingomyelinase deficiency.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лизосомные болезни накопления</kwd><kwd>болезнь Ниманна – Пика</kwd><kwd>дефицит кислой сфингомиелиназы</kwd><kwd>поражение печени</kwd><kwd>ферментная заместительная терапия</kwd><kwd>олипудаза альфа</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lysosomal storage diseases</kwd><kwd>Niemann – Pick disease</kwd><kwd>acid sphingomyelinase deficiency</kwd><kwd>liver damage</kwd><kwd>enzyme replacement therapy</kwd><kwd>olipudase alfa</kwd><kwd>children lysosomal storage diseases</kwd><kwd>Niemann</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schuchman E. H., Wasserstein M. P. Types A and B Niemann-Pick disease. Mol Genet Metab. 2017; 120 (1-2): 27-33. 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