<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2026.29.1.010</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-1532</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНАЯ ТЕМА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TOPICAL THEME</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Болезнь Паркинсона: применение современных цифровых систем и подходов для оценки неврологической дисфункции пациентов (литературный обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Parkinson’s disease: application of modern digital systems and approaches for the assessment of neurological dysfunction in patients (a literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2262-1831</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щеглов</surname><given-names>Б. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcheglov</surname><given-names>B. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щеглов Богдан Олегович, к.м.н., научный сотрудник</p><p>117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bogdan O. Shcheglov, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Researcher</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">b.shcheglov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-8298</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковенко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яковенко Андрей Александрович, лаборант-исследователь</p><p>117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Yakovenko, Research Assistant</p><p>1 bld. 10 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrey.drus@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2927-323X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артеменко</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemenko</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артеменко Александр Федорович, инженер</p><p>117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander F. Artemenko, Engineer</p><p>1 bld. 10 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.f.artemenko85@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3552-1194</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ледков</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ledkov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ледков Евгений Александрович, к.т.н., научный сотрудник</p><p>117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny A. Ledkov, Cand. of Sci. (Tech.), Researcher</p><p>1 bld. 10 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ledkov.evgenii@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2838-2218</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Биктимиров</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Biktimirov</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Биктимиров Артур Рамилевич, нейрохирург</p><p>117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artur R. Biktimirov, Neurosurgeon</p><p>1 bld. 10 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">biartur2006@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Center for Brain and Neurotechnology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Щеглов Б.О., Яковенко А.А., Артеменко А.Ф., Ледков Е.А., Биктимиров А.Р., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щеглов Б.О., Яковенко А.А., Артеменко А.Ф., Ледков Е.А., Биктимиров А.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shcheglov B.O., Yakovenko A.A., Artemenko A.F., Ledkov E.A., Biktimirov A.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1532">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1532</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Выполнен комплексный анализ опыта применения современных цифровых технологий, включая носимые сенсоры, компьютерное зрение и алгоритмы искусственного интеллекта.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Диагностика, мониторинг и реабилитация пациентов с болезнью Паркинсона, с фокусом на оценку их потенциала в объективизации моторных симптомов, выявлении ключевых преимуществ и системных ограничений, препятствующих их широкой клинической интеграции.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен систематический обзор научной литературы за период 2020-2025 годов с использованием баз данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science и elibrary.ru. Поиск осуществлялся по ключевым терминам, таким как «digital biomarkers», «computer vision», «machine learning», «Parkinson’s disease» и «telemedicine platforms». Методология включала критический анализ и систематизацию данных с выделением архитектурных решений, алгоритмических подходов и результатов клинической апробации цифровых систем.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что цифровые технологии, в частности многоуровневые платформы по типу Parkinson Expert System, демонстрируют высокую эффективность в формировании объективных цифровых биомаркеров для оценки тремора, брадикинезии и нарушений походки, показывая высокую корреляцию с традиционными клиническими шкалами. Ключевым ограничением является отсутствие стандартизации протоколов, валидации и единых методологических подходов, что затрудняет сопоставимость результатов и их трансляцию в рутинную практику.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Цифровые технологии обладают значительным трансформационным потенциалом для персонализации диагностики и мониторинга болезни Паркинсона, обеспечивая непрерывный и объективный сбор данных. Однако для их успешной интеграции в клиническую практику необходимы разработка единых стандартов, проведение масштабных многоцентровых исследований и решение вопросов, связанных с валидацией алгоритмов, защитой данных и взаимодействием систем. Дальнейшее развитие этого направления позволит повысить точность и эффективность медицинской помощи пациентам с нейродегенеративными заболеваниями.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. A comprehensive analysis of modern digital technologies, including wearable sensors, computer vision, and artificial intelligence algorithms, was conducted.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To evaluate the use of these technologies for the diagnosis, monitoring, and rehabilitation of patients with Parkinson’s disease, focusing on their potential to objectively assess motor symptoms, identify key advantages, and highlight systemic limitations that hinder their widespread clinical integration.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A systematic review of the scientific literature from 2020 to 2025 was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and eLibrary.ru databases. The search employed key terms such as digital biomarkers, computer vision, machine learning, Parkinson’s disease, and telemedicine platforms. The methodology included critical analysis and systematization of data, emphasizing architectural solutions, algorithmic approaches, and results of clinical testing of digital systems.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Digital technologies, particularly multi-level platforms such as the Parkinson Expert System, demonstrate high efficiency in forming objective digital biomarkers for assessing tremor, bradykinesia, and gait disturbances, showing strong correlation with traditional clinical scales. The key limitation lies in the lack of standardized protocols, validation procedures, and unified methodological approaches, which complicates the comparability of results and their translation into routine clinical practice.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Digital technologies possess significant transformative potential for the personalization of Parkinson’s disease diagnosis and monitoring by enabling continuous and objective data collection. However, successful clinical integration requires the development of unified standards, large-scale multicenter studies, and solutions addressing algorithm validation, data protection, and system interoperability. Further development of this field will improve the accuracy and efficiency of medical care for patients with neurodegenerative diseases.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Паркинсона</kwd><kwd>цифровые технологии</kwd><kwd>телемедицина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Parkinson’s disease</kwd><kwd>digital technologies</kwd><kwd>telemedicine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stephen C. D., Parisi F., Mancini M., Artusi C. A. Digital biomarkers in movement disorders. Front. Neurol. 2025; 16: 1600018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stephen C. D., Parisi F., Mancini M., Artusi C. A. Digital biomarkers in movement disorders. Front. Neurol. 2025; 16: 1600018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harris C., Tang Y., Birnbaum E., Cherian C., Mendhe D., Chen M. H. Digital neuropsychology beyond computerized cognitive assessment: applications of novel digital technologies. Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. 2024; 39 (3): 290-304.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harris C., Tang Y., Birnbaum E., Cherian C., Mendhe D., Chen M. H. Digital neuropsychology beyond computerized cognitive assessment: applications of novel digital technologies. Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. 2024; 39 (3): 290-304.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salchow-Hömmen C., Skrobot M., Jochner M. C. E., Schauer T., Kühn A. A., Wenger N. Emerging portable technologies for gait analysis in neurological disorders. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2022; 16: 768575.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salchow-Hömmen C., Skrobot M., Jochner M. C. E., Schauer T., Kühn A. A., Wenger N. Emerging portable technologies for gait analysis in neurological disorders. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2022; 16: 768575.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caro C., Malpica N. Video and optoelectronics in movement disorders. Int. Rev. Mov. Disord. 2023; 5: 227-244.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caro C., Malpica N. Video and optoelectronics in movement disorders. Int. Rev. Mov. Disord. 2023; 5: 227-244.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horak F. B., Shah V. V., Mancini M. Digital gait and balance measures. Int. Rev. Mov. Disord. 2023; 5: 115-151.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horak F. B., Shah V. V., Mancini M. Digital gait and balance measures. Int. Rev. Mov. Disord. 2023; 5: 115-151.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deb R., An S., Bhat G., Shill H., Ogras U. Y. A systematic survey of research trends in technology usage for Parkinson’s disease. Sensors. 2022; 22 (15): 5491.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deb R., An S., Bhat G., Shill H., Ogras U. Y. A systematic survey of research trends in technology usage for Parkinson’s disease. Sensors. 2022; 22 (15): 5491.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park K. W., Mirian M. S., McKeown M. J. Artificial intelligence-based video monitoring of movement disorders in the elderly: a review on current and future landscapes. Singap. Med. J. 2024; 65 (3): 141-149.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park K. W., Mirian M. S., McKeown M. J. Artificial intelligence-based video monitoring of movement disorders in the elderly: a review on current and future landscapes. Singap. Med. J. 2024; 65 (3): 141-149.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rábano-Suárez P., Del Campo N., Benatru I., Moreau C., Desjardins C., Sánchez-Ferro Á., Fabbri M. Digital outcomes as biomarkers of disease progression in early Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. Mov. Disord. 2025; 40 (2): 184-203.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rábano-Suárez P., Del Campo N., Benatru I., Moreau C., Desjardins C., Sánchez-Ferro Á., Fabbri M. Digital outcomes as biomarkers of disease progression in early Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. Mov. Disord. 2025; 40 (2): 184-203.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun Y. M., Wang Z. Y., Liang Y. Y., Hao C. W., Shi C. H. Digital biomarkers for precision diagnosis and monitoring in Parkinson’s disease. NPJ Digit. Med. 2024; 7 (1): 218.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun Y. M., Wang Z. Y., Liang Y. Y., Hao C. W., Shi C. H. Digital biomarkers for precision diagnosis and monitoring in Parkinson’s disease. NPJ Digit. Med. 2024; 7 (1): 218.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thankathuraipandian S., Greenleaf W., Kyani A., Tomlinson T., Balasingh B., Ross E., Pathak Y. Development of a remote therapeutic monitoring platform: applications for movement disorders. Sci. Rep. 2024; 14 (1): 29837.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thankathuraipandian S., Greenleaf W., Kyani A., Tomlinson T., Balasingh B., Ross E., Pathak Y. Development of a remote therapeutic monitoring platform: applications for movement disorders. Sci. Rep. 2024; 14 (1): 29837.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bernad A. E., Woelfle T., Granziera C., Kappos L., Lorscheider J., Barragan A., Pupo Ó. R. A novel methodology for developing smartphoneinstrumented tests for assessing movement, dexterity, and balance in neurological patients. Neurology. 2024; 102 (7 Suppl 1): 5218.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernad A. E., Woelfle T., Granziera C., Kappos L., Lorscheider J., Barragan A., Pupo Ó. R. A novel methodology for developing smartphoneinstrumented tests for assessing movement, dexterity, and balance in neurological patients. Neurology. 2024; 102 (7 Suppl 1): 5218.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beswick E., Fawcett T., Hassan Z., Forbes D., Dakin R., Newton J., et al. A systematic review of digital technology to evaluate motor function and disease progression in motor neuron disease. J. Neurol. 2022; 269 (12): 6254-6268.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beswick E., Fawcett T., Hassan Z., Forbes D., Dakin R., Newton J., et al. A systematic review of digital technology to evaluate motor function and disease progression in motor neuron disease. J. Neurol. 2022; 269 (12): 6254-6268.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adams J. L., Kangarloo T., Gong Y., Khachadourian V., Tracey B., Volfson D., et al. Using a smartwatch and smartphone to assess early Parkinson’s disease in the WATCH-PD study over 12 months. NPJ Parkinson’s Dis. 2024; 10 (1): 112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adams J. L., Kangarloo T., Gong Y., Khachadourian V., Tracey B., Volfson D., et al. Using a smartwatch and smartphone to assess early Parkinson’s disease in the WATCH-PD study over 12 months. NPJ Parkinson’s Dis. 2024; 10 (1): 112.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Güney G., Jansen T. S., Dill S., Schulz J. B., Dafotakis M., Hoog Antink C., Braczynski A. K. Video-based hand movement analysis of Parkinson patients before and after medication using high-frame-rate videos and MediaPipe. Sensors. 2022; 22 (20): 7992.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Güney G., Jansen T. S., Dill S., Schulz J. B., Dafotakis M., Hoog Antink C., Braczynski A. K. Video-based hand movement analysis of Parkinson patients before and after medication using high-frame-rate videos and MediaPipe. Sensors. 2022; 22 (20): 7992.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Queiroz R. S., Alves J. H., Sasaki J. E. Digital biomarkers in the assessment of mobility in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Sclerosis. 2023; 1 (3): 134-150.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Queiroz R. S., Alves J. H., Sasaki J. E. Digital biomarkers in the assessment of mobility in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Sclerosis. 2023; 1 (3): 134-150.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahboobeh D. J., Dias S. B., Khandoker A. H., Hadjileontiadis L. J. Machine learning-based analysis of digital movement assessment and ExerGame scores for Parkinson’s disease severity estimation. Front. Psychol. 2022; 13: 857249.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahboobeh D. J., Dias S. B., Khandoker A. H., Hadjileontiadis L. J. Machine learning-based analysis of digital movement assessment and ExerGame scores for Parkinson’s disease severity estimation. Front. Psychol. 2022; 13: 857249.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Franco A., Russo M., Amboni M., Ponsiglione A. M., Di Filippo F., Romano M., et al. The role of deep learning and gait analysis in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. Sensors. 2024; 24 (18): 5957.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Franco A., Russo M., Amboni M., Ponsiglione A. M., Di Filippo F., Romano M., et al. The role of deep learning and gait analysis in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. Sensors. 2024; 24 (18): 5957.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mancini M., McKay J. L., Cockx H., D’Cruz N., Esper C. D., Filtjens B., et al. Technology for measuring freezing of gait: current state of the art and recommendations. J. Parkinson’s Dis. 2025; 15 (1): 19-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mancini M., McKay J. L., Cockx H., D’Cruz N., Esper C. D., Filtjens B., et al. Technology for measuring freezing of gait: current state of the art and recommendations. J. Parkinson’s Dis. 2025; 15 (1): 19-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garbey M., Lesport Q., Girma H., Öztosun G., Abu-Rub M., Guidon A. C., et al. Application of digital tools and artificial intelligence in the Myasthenia Gravis Core Examination. Front. Neurol. 2024; 15: 1474884.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garbey M., Lesport Q., Girma H., Öztosun G., Abu-Rub M., Guidon A. C., et al. Application of digital tools and artificial intelligence in the Myasthenia Gravis Core Examination. Front. Neurol. 2024; 15: 1474884.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adams J. L., Kangarloo T., Tracey B., O’Donnell P., Volfson D., Latzman R. D., et al. Using a smartwatch and smartphone to assess early Parkinson’s disease in the WATCH-PD study. NPJ Parkinson’s Dis. 2023; 9 (1): 64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adams J. L., Kangarloo T., Tracey B., O’Donnell P., Volfson D., Latzman R. D., et al. Using a smartwatch and smartphone to assess early Parkinson’s disease in the WATCH-PD study. NPJ Parkinson’s Dis. 2023; 9 (1): 64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morinan G., Dushin Y., Sarapata G., Rupprechter S., Peng Y., Girges C., et al. Computer vision quantification of whole-body Parkinsonian bradykinesia using a large multi-site population. NPJ Parkinson’s Dis. 2023; 9 (1): 10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morinan G., Dushin Y., Sarapata G., Rupprechter S., Peng Y., Girges C., et al. Computer vision quantification of whole-body Parkinsonian bradykinesia using a large multi-site population. NPJ Parkinson’s Dis. 2023; 9 (1): 10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim K., Lyu S., Mantri S., Dunn T. W. TULIP: multi-camera 3D precision assessment of Parkinson's disease. Proc. IEEE/CVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. 2024; 22551–22562.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim K., Lyu S., Mantri S., Dunn T. W. TULIP: multi-camera 3D precision assessment of Parkinson's disease. Proc. IEEE/CVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. 2024; 22551–22562.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Y., Zeng Z., Mirian M. S., Yen K., Park K. W., Doo M., et al. Investigating the efficacy and importance of mobile-based assessments for Parkinson's disease: uncovering the potential of novel digital tests. Sci. Rep. 2024; 14 (1): 5307.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Y., Zeng Z., Mirian M. S., Yen K., Park K. W., Doo M., et al. Investigating the efficacy and importance of mobile-based assessments for Parkinson's disease: uncovering the potential of novel digital tests. Sci. Rep. 2024; 14 (1): 5307.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panero E., D’Alessandro R., Cavallina I., Davico C., Mongini T., Gastaldi L., Ricci F. Wearable inertial devices in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a scoping review. Appl. Sci. 2023; 13 (3): 1268.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panero E., D’Alessandro R., Cavallina I., Davico C., Mongini T., Gastaldi L., Ricci F. Wearable inertial devices in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a scoping review. Appl. Sci. 2023; 13 (3): 1268.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu T., Park K. W., McKeown M. J., Wang Z. J. Clinically informed automated assessment of finger tapping videos in Parkinson’s disease. Sensors. 2023; 23 (22): 9149.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu T., Park K. W., McKeown M. J., Wang Z. J. Clinically informed automated assessment of finger tapping videos in Parkinson’s disease. Sensors. 2023; 23 (22): 9149.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiang X., Zhang Z., Ma J., Deng Y. AI WALKUP: a computer-vision approach to quantifying MDS-UPDRS in Parkinson's disease. arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.01654. 2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiang X., Zhang Z., Ma J., Deng Y. AI WALKUP: a computer-vision approach to quantifying MDS-UPDRS in Parkinson's disease. arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.01654. 2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lipsmeier F., Taylor K. I., Postuma R. B., Volkova-Volkmar E., Kilchenmann T., Mollenhauer B., et al. Reliability and validity of the Roche PD mobile application for remote monitoring of early Parkinson’s disease. Sci. Rep. 2022; 12 (1): 12081.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lipsmeier F., Taylor K. I., Postuma R. B., Volkova-Volkmar E., Kilchenmann T., Mollenhauer B., et al. Reliability and validity of the Roche PD mobile application for remote monitoring of early Parkinson’s disease. Sci. Rep. 2022; 12 (1): 12081.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seo N. Y., Jeong E. W., Lee J. H., Cho S. Y., Jung Y. J. Objective assessment of motor ataxia via quantitative analysis of Romberg's test utilizing webcam-based motion capture with AI. J. Magn. 2023; 28 (4): 470-476.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seo N. Y., Jeong E. W., Lee J. H., Cho S. Y., Jung Y. J. Objective assessment of motor ataxia via quantitative analysis of Romberg's test utilizing webcam-based motion capture with AI. J. Magn. 2023; 28 (4): 470-476.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acien A., Calcagno N., Burke K. M., Mondesire-Crump I., Holmes A. A., Mruthik S., et al. A novel digital tool for detection and monitoring of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor impairment via keystroke dynamics. Sci. Rep. 2024; 14 (1): 16851.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acien A., Calcagno N., Burke K. M., Mondesire-Crump I., Holmes A. A., Mruthik S., et al. A novel digital tool for detection and monitoring of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor impairment via keystroke dynamics. Sci. Rep. 2024; 14 (1): 16851.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graham L., Vitorio R., Walker R., Barry G., Godfrey A., Morris R., Stuart S. Digital eye-movement outcomes (DEMOs) as biomarkers for neurological conditions: a narrative review. Big Data Cogn. Comput. 2024; 8 (12): 198</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graham L., Vitorio R., Walker R., Barry G., Godfrey A., Morris R., Stuart S. Digital eye-movement outcomes (DEMOs) as biomarkers for neurological conditions: a narrative review. Big Data Cogn. Comput. 2024; 8 (12): 198</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
