<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2026.29.1.007</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-1528</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНАЯ ТЕМА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TOPICAL THEME</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинические особенности индуцированного хламидиями урогенного реактивного артрита у мужчин</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical features of chlamydia-induced urogenital reactive arthritis in male patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-2311</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петрова Марина Сергеевна, научный сотрудник отделения дерматовенерологии</p><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina S. Petrova, Researcher of the Department of Dermatovenereology</p><p>61/2 Schepkina str., Moscow, 129110</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marina.s.petrova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9021-6494</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молочкова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Molochkova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Молочкова Юлия Владимировна, д.м.н., руководитель отделения дерматовенерологии, доцент кафедры дерматовенерологии и дерматоонкологии</p><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya V. Molochkova, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Dermatovenereology; Accociate Professor of the Dermatovenereology and Dermatooncology Department</p><p>61/2 Schepkina str., Moscow, 129110</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yulia.molochkova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3388-9224</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молочков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Molochkov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Молочков Владимир Алексеевич, д.м.н., профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения дерматовенерологии, профессор кафедры дерматовенерологии и дерматоонкологии</p><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Molochkov, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher of the Department of Dermatovenereology, Professor of the Dermatovenereology and Dermatooncology Department</p><p>61/2 Schepkina str., Moscow, 129110</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vmolochkov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-5717</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куприянова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kupriyanova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куприянова Анна Геннадьевна, к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник отделения морфологической диагностики отдела онкологии</p><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna G. Kupriyanova, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher of the Department of Morphological Diagnostics of the Oncology Department</p><p>61/2 Schepkina str., Moscow, 129110</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">annak2003@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М. Ф. Владимирского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Regional Clinical Research Institute named after M. F. Vladimirsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петрова М.С., Молочкова Ю.В., Молочков В.А., Куприянова А.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петрова М.С., Молочкова Ю.В., Молочков В.А., Куприянова А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrova M.S., Molochkova Y.V., Molochkov V.A., Kupriyanova A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1528">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1528</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Индуцированный хламидиями урогенный реактивный артрит представляет собой сложную междисциплинарную проблему, так как его клинические проявления характеризуются сочетанным поражением урогенитального тракта, суставов, кожи, слизистых оболочек и других органов. Несмотря на принадлежность данной патологии к группе спондилоартритов, ведущая роль в ее первичной диагностике и ведении пациентов принадлежит дерматовенерологу. Полиморфизм и неодновременность манифестации симптомов, наряду с частым субклиническим течением урогенитального воспаления, обусловливают существенные трудности своевременной диагностики и зачастую приводят к хронизации процесса.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Изучить и систематизировать клинические особенности хламидийного урогенного реактивного артрита у мужчин, проживающих в Московской области, а также оценить диагностическую значимость иммуноморфологического исследования интактной кожи методом прямой иммунофлюоресценции при данном заболевании.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено проспективное исследование 65 мужчин с верифицированным диагнозом индуцированного хламидиями урогенного реактивного артрита, госпитализированных в отделение дерматовенерологии Государственного бюджетного учреждения здравоохранения Московской области «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М. Ф. Владимирского». Всем пациентам выполнено комплексное клинико-лабораторное обследование, включавшее выявление хламидийной инфекции, оценку суставного синдрома, уретроскопию, исследование секрета предстательной железы, дерматологический осмотр, иммуноморфологическое исследование биоптатов интактной кожи.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Средний возраст пациентов составил 30 [24; 39] лет, средняя длительность заболевания до госпитализации – 12 [6; 24] месяцев, при этом лишь 6,2% больных были госпитализированы в первые 3 месяца болезни. У всех пациентов (100%) диагностировано сочетание артрита и хронического уретропростатита хламидийной этиологии, причем в 30,8% случаев урогенитальное воспаление протекало бессимптомно. Поражение глаз было выявлено у 44 (67,7%), дерматологические поражения (кожи и/или слизистых) – у 60% пациентов, среди которых доминировали цирцинарный/ксеротический баланит (46,2%) и псориазиформные высыпания (27,7%). Классическая триада симптомов (уретрит, артрит и поражение глаз) диагностирована у 30,8% пациентов, тетрада (с включением дерматологической патологии) – у 36,9%. Аксиальные поражения (преимущественно сакроилеит) обнаружены у 69,2% больных. При иммунофлюоресцентном исследовании в 95,3% случаев в сетчатом слое дермы видимо здоровой кожи выявлены диффузные депозиты IgG.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Для хронического урогенитального реактивного артрита характерен выраженный клинический полиморфизм. Его облигатными (хотя часто малосимптомными) проявлениями являются поражение урогенитального тракта и суставной синдром, что обусловливает необходимость проведения обязательного обследования на хламидийную инфекцию всех мужчин с асимметричным артритом. Дерматологические симптомы, не являясь патогномоничными, наблюдаются более чем у половины пациентов и обладают рядом характерных особенностей. Включение в диагностический алгоритм иммуноморфологического исследования (метод прямой иммунофлюоресценции), направленного на выявление депозитов IgG в сетчатом слое дермы, может служить дополнительным лабораторным маркером заболевания, отражающим системный иммуноопосредованный характер воспаления при данной патологии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Chlamydia-induced urogenic reactive arthritis (x/iUREA) is a complex interdisciplinary problem, as its clinical manifestations are characterized by a combined lesion of the urogenital tract, joints, skin, mucous membranes and other organs. Despite belonging to the group of spondylarthritides, the leading role in the primary diagnosis and management of patients belongs to the dermatovenereologist. Polymorphism and non-simultaneous manifestation of symptoms, along with the frequent subclinical course of urogenital inflammation, cause significant difficulties in timely diagnosis and often lead to the chronicization of the process.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To study and systematize the clinical features of x/uUREA in male patients living in the Moscow region, as well as to assess the diagnostic significance of immunomorphological examination of intact skin using direct immunofluorescence (DIF) in this disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A prospective study was conducted on 65 men with a verified diagnosis of x/uUREA who were hospitalized in the Department of Dermatovenereology at the Moscow Regional Research Institute of Dermatology and Venereology. All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination, which included detection of chlamydia infection, assessment of joint syndrome, urethroscopy, examination of prostate secretion, dermatological examination, and immunomorphological examination of intact skin biopsies.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The average age of the patients was 30 [24; 39] years. The average duration of the disease before hospitalization was 12 [6; 24] months, and only 6.2% of patients were hospitalized in the first 3 months of the disease. All patients (100%) were diagnosed with a combination of arthritis and chronic urethroprostatitis of chlamydial etiology, and in 30.8% of cases, the urogenital inflammation was asymptomatic. Eye lesions were detected in 44 (67.7%) patients, and dermatological lesions (skin and/or mucous membranes) were detected in 60% of patients, with circinous/xerotic balanitis (46.2%) and psoriiform rashes (27.7%) being the most common. The classic triad of symptoms (urethritis-arthritis-eye damage) was diagnosed in 30.8% of patients, the tetrad (with inclusion of dermatological pathology) – in 36.9%. Axial lesions (mainly sacroiliitis) were found in 69.2% of patients. In an immunofluorescence study, diffuse deposits of IgG were detected in the reticular layer of the dermis of apparently healthy skin in 95.3% of cases.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Chronic urogenital reactive arthritis is characterized by pronounced clinical polymorphism. Its obligate, although often asymptomatic, manifestations include damage to the urogenital tract, as well as joint syndrome, which necessitates mandatory testing for chlamydia infection in all men with asymmetric arthritis. Although not pathognomonic, dermatological symptoms are observed in more than half of patients and have several distinctive features. The inclusion of an immunomorphological study (direct immunofluorescence method) in the diagnostic algorithm, aimed at detecting IgG deposits in the reticular layer of the dermis, can serve as an additional laboratory marker of the disease, reflecting the systemic immune-mediated nature of inflammation in this pathology.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>индуцированный хламидиями урогенный реактивный артрит</kwd><kwd>болезнь Рейтера</kwd><kwd>реактивный артрит</kwd><kwd>прямая иммунофлюоресценция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chlamydia-induced urogenital reactive arthritis</kwd><kwd>Reiter's disease</kwd><kwd>reactive arthritis</kwd><kwd>direct immunofluorescence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Owlia M. B., Eley A. R. Is the role of Chlamydia trachomatis underestimated in patients with suspected reactive arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2010; 13 (1): 27-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Owlia M. B., Eley A. R. Is the role of Chlamydia trachomatis underestimated in patients with suspected reactive arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2010; 13 (1): 27-38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheeti A., Chakraborty R. K., Ramphul K. Reactive Arthritis. 2023 Jan 2. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan. PMID: 29763006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheeti A., Chakraborty R. K., Ramphul K. Reactive Arthritis. 2023 Jan 2. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan. PMID: 29763006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ding Y., Xue L. HLA-B27 negative reactive arthritis versus HLA-B27 positive reactive arthritis: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022; 101 (35): e30383. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030383. PMID: 36107557; PMCID: PMC9439772.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ding Y., Xue L. HLA-B27 negative reactive arthritis versus HLA-B27 positive reactive arthritis: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022; 101 (35): e30383. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030383. PMID: 36107557; PMCID: PMC9439772.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taniguchi Y., Nishikawa H., Yoshida T., Terada Y., Tada K., Tamura N., Kobayashi S. Expanding the spectrum of reactive arthritis (ReA): classic ReA and infection-related arthritis including poststreptococcal ReA, Poncet's disease, and iBCG-induced ReA. Rheumatol Int. 2021; 41 (8): 1387-1398. DOI: 10.1007/s00296-021-04879-3. Epub 2021 May 1. PMID: 33939015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taniguchi Y., Nishikawa H., Yoshida T., Terada Y., Tada K., Tamura N., Kobayashi S. Expanding the spectrum of reactive arthritis (ReA): classic ReA and infection-related arthritis including poststreptococcal ReA, Poncet's disease, and iBCG-induced ReA. Rheumatol Int. 2021; 41 (8): 1387-1398. DOI: 10.1007/s00296-021-04879-3. Epub 2021 May 1. PMID: 33939015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheeti A., Chakraborty R. K., Ramphul K. Reactive Arthritis. 2022 Jun 14. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan. PMID: 29763006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheeti A., Chakraborty R. K., Ramphul K. Reactive Arthritis. 2022 Jun 14. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan. PMID: 29763006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bentaleb I., Abdelghani K. B., Rostom S., Amine B., Laatar A., Bahiri R. Reactive Arthritis: Update. Curr Clin Microbiol Rep. 2020; 7 (4): 124-132. DOI: 10.1007/s40588-020-00152-6. Epub 2020 Sep 26. PMID: 33014690; PMCID: PMC7519381.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bentaleb I., Abdelghani K. B., Rostom S., Amine B., Laatar A., Bahiri R. Reactive Arthritis: Update. Curr Clin Microbiol Rep. 2020; 7 (4): 124-132. DOI: 10.1007/s40588-020-00152-6. Epub 2020 Sep 26. PMID: 33014690; PMCID: PMC7519381.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jubber A., Moorthy A. Reactive arthritis: a clinical review. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2021; 51 (3): 288-297. DOI: 10.4997/JRCPE.2021.319. PMID: 34528623.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jubber A., Moorthy A. Reactive arthritis: a clinical review. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2021; 51 (3): 288-297. DOI: 10.4997/JRCPE.2021.319. PMID: 34528623.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Märker-Hermann E. Reaktive Arthritis – eine vergessene Erkrankung? [Reactive arthritis – a disease almost forgotten?]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2020; 145 (24): 1786-1790. German. DOI: 10.1055/a-1036-9359. Epub 2020 Nov 30. PMID: 33254255.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Märker-Hermann E. Reaktive Arthritis – eine vergessene Erkrankung? [Reactive arthritis – a disease almost forgotten?]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2020; 145 (24): 1786-1790. German. DOI: 10.1055/a-1036-9359. Epub 2020 Nov 30. PMID: 33254255.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klonowski A., Schwarting A. Infektgetriggerte Arthralgien und Arthritiden: wie behandeln? [Infection-triggered arthralgia and arthritis]. MMW Fortschr Med. 2020; 162 (2): 39-42. German. DOI: 10.1007/s15006-0200104-9. PMID: 32016764.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klonowski A., Schwarting A. Infektgetriggerte Arthralgien und Arthritiden: wie behandeln? [Infection-triggered arthralgia and arthritis]. MMW Fortschr Med. 2020; 162 (2): 39-42. German. DOI: 10.1007/s15006-0200104-9. PMID: 32016764.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubey D., Kumar S., Rawat A., Guleria A., Kumari R., Ahmed S., Singh R., Misra R., Kumar D. NMR-Based Metabolomics Revealed the Underlying Inflammatory Pathology in Reactive Arthritis Synovial Joints. J Proteome Res. 2021; 20 (11): 5088-5102. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00620. Epub 2021 Oct 18. PMID: 34661415.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubey D., Kumar S., Rawat A., Guleria A., Kumari R., Ahmed S., Singh R., Misra R., Kumar D. NMR-Based Metabolomics Revealed the Underlying Inflammatory Pathology in Reactive Arthritis Synovial Joints. J Proteome Res. 2021; 20 (11): 5088-5102. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00620. Epub 2021 Oct 18. PMID: 34661415.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бадокин В. В. Реактивные артриты. Урогенитальные и постэнтероколитические. М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2021. 280 с. ISBN 978-5-00030-988-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Badokin V. V. Reactive Arthritis. Urogenital and Post-Enterocolitic. M.: MEDpress-inform, 2021. 280 p. ISBN 978-5-00030-988-9. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Filardo S., Di Pietro M., Diaco F., Sessa R. In Vitro Modelling of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in the Etiopathogenesis of Male Infertility and Reactive Arthritis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022; 12: 840802. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.840802. PMID: 35174109; PMCID: PMC8841781.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filardo S., Di Pietro M., Diaco F., Sessa R. In Vitro Modelling of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in the Etiopathogenesis of Male Infertility and Reactive Arthritis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022; 12: 840802. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.840802. PMID: 35174109; PMCID: PMC8841781.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Молочков В. А., Палеев Ф. Н., Молочков А. В. и др. Урогенитальный реактивный артрит. М.: Издательство БИНОМ, 2014. 128 c. ISBN 978-5-95180560-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molochnikov V. A., Paleev F. N., Molochnikov A. V., et al. Urogenital Reactive Arthritis. M.: BINOM Publisher, 2014. 128 p. ISBN 978-5-9518-0560-7. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schempp C. M., Schauer F., Huhn C. K., Venhoff N., Finzel S. Skin inflammation associated with arthritis, synovitis and enthesitis. Part 2: rheumatoid arthritis, reactive arthritis, Reiter's syndrome, Lyme borreliosis, dermatomyositis and lupus erythematosus. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2019; 17 (2): 167-181. DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13761. PMID: 30762968.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schempp C. M., Schauer F., Huhn C. K., Venhoff N., Finzel S. Skin inflammation associated with arthritis, synovitis and enthesitis. Part 2: rheumatoid arthritis, reactive arthritis, Reiter's syndrome, Lyme borreliosis, dermatomyositis and lupus erythematosus. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2019; 17 (2): 167-181. DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13761. PMID: 30762968.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheeti A., Chakraborty R. K., Ramphul K. Reactive Arthritis. 2023 Jan 2. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan. PMID: 29763006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheeti A., Chakraborty R. K., Ramphul K. Reactive Arthritis. 2023 Jan 2. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan. PMID: 29763006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Santoyo-Martín N., Valverde-Gómez R. M., Arenas-García A., Carbonell-Gimeno L., Delgado-Casado J. A. Pápulas eritemato-violáceas y dolor articular: síntomas de artritis reactiva por Chlamydia trachomatis. (Erythematous-violaceous papules and joint pain: Symptoms of Chamydia trachomatis’ reactive arthritis.) Medicina de Familia. 2022; 6 (48): e44-e46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semerg.2022.03.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Santoyo-Martín N., Valverde-Gómez R. M., Arenas-García A., Carbonell-Gimeno L., Delgado-Casado J. A. Pápulas eritemato-violáceas y dolor articular: síntomas de artritis reactiva por Chlamydia trachomatis. (Erythematous-violaceous papules and joint pain: Symptoms of Chamydia trachomatis’ reactive arthritis.) Medicina de Familia. 2022; 6 (48): e44-e46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semerg.2022.03.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bentaleb I., Abdelghani K. B., Rostom S., Amine B., Laatar A., Bahiri R. Reactive Arthritis: Update. Curr Clin Microbiol Rep. 2020; 7 (4): 124-132. DOI: 10.1007/s40588-020-00152-6. Epub 2020 Sep 26. PMID: 33014690; PMCID: PMC7519381.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bentaleb I., Abdelghani K. B., Rostom S., Amine B., Laatar A., Bahiri R. Reactive Arthritis: Update. Curr Clin Microbiol Rep. 2020; 7 (4): 124-132. DOI: 10.1007/s40588-020-00152-6. Epub 2020 Sep 26. PMID: 33014690; PMCID: PMC7519381.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Denison H. J., Curtis E. M., Clynes M. A., Bromhead C., Dennison E. M., Grainger R. The incidence of sexually acquired reactive arthritis: a systematic literature review. Clin Rheumatol. 2016; 35 (11): 2639-2648. DOI: 10.1007/s10067-016-3364-0. Epub 2016 Aug 1. PMID: 27480977; PMCID: PMC5065716.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denison H. J., Curtis E. M., Clynes M. A., Bromhead C., Dennison E. M., Grainger R. The incidence of sexually acquired reactive arthritis: a systematic literature review. Clin Rheumatol. 2016; 35 (11): 2639-2648. DOI: 10.1007/s10067-016-3364-0. Epub 2016 Aug 1. PMID: 27480977; PMCID: PMC5065716.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeidler H., Hudson A. P. Reactive Arthritis Update: Spotlight on New and Rare Infectious Agents Implicated as Pathogens. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2021; 23 (7): 53. DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-01018-6. PMID: 34196842; PMCID: PMC8247622.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeidler H., Hudson A. P. Reactive Arthritis Update: Spotlight on New and Rare Infectious Agents Implicated as Pathogens. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2021; 23 (7): 53. DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-01018-6. PMID: 34196842; PMCID: PMC8247622.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Viswanath V., Vishwanath T., Joshi P., Lawate P., Azhar S. Sustained cutaneous remission with adalimumab in reactive arthritis: A case series. Dermatol Ther. 2020; 33 (6): e13965. DOI: 10.1111/dth.13965. Epub 2020 Jul 26. PMID: 32621643.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Viswanath V., Vishwanath T., Joshi P., Lawate P., Azhar S. Sustained cutaneous remission with adalimumab in reactive arthritis: A case series. Dermatol Ther. 2020; 33 (6): e13965. DOI: 10.1111/dth.13965. Epub 2020 Jul 26. PMID: 32621643.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bentaleb I., Abdelghani K. B., Rostom S., Amine B., Laatar A., Bahiri R. Reactive Arthritis: Update. Curr Clin Microbiol Rep. 2020; 7 (4): 124-132. DOI: 10.1007/s40588-020-00152-6. Epub 2020 Sep 26. PMID: 33014690; PMCID: PMC7519381.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bentaleb I., Abdelghani K. B., Rostom S., Amine B., Laatar A., Bahiri R. Reactive Arthritis: Update. Curr Clin Microbiol Rep. 2020; 7 (4): 124-132. DOI: 10.1007/s40588-020-00152-6. Epub 2020 Sep 26. PMID: 33014690; PMCID: PMC7519381.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ревматология: национальное руководство. Под ред. Е. Д. Насонова, В. А. Насоновой. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2010. 720 с. ISBN 978-5-97041650-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rheumatology: National Guide. Ed. by E. L. Nasonov, V. A. Nasonova. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2010. 720 p. ISBN 978-5-9704-1650-1. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buchanan W. W., Kean W. F., Rainsford K. D., Kean C. A. Reactive arthritis: the convoluted history of Reiter's disease. Inflammopharmacology. 2024; 32 (1): 93-99. DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01336-4. Epub 2023 Oct 7. PMID: 37805646.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buchanan W. W., Kean W. F., Rainsford K. D., Kean C. A. Reactive arthritis: the convoluted history of Reiter's disease. Inflammopharmacology. 2024; 32 (1): 93-99. DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01336-4. Epub 2023 Oct 7. PMID: 37805646.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Braun J., Kingsley G., van der Heijde D., Sieper J. On the difficulties of establishing a consensus on the definition of and diagnostic investigations for reactive arthritis. Results and discussion of a questionnaire prepared for the 4th International Workshop on Reactive Arthritis, Berlin, Germany, July 3-6, 1999. J Rheumatol. 2000; 27 (9): 2185-2192.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braun J., Kingsley G., van der Heijde D., Sieper J. On the difficulties of establishing a consensus on the definition of and diagnostic investigations for reactive arthritis. Results and discussion of a questionnaire prepared for the 4th International Workshop on Reactive Arthritis, Berlin, Germany, July 3-6, 1999. J Rheumatol. 2000; 27 (9): 2185-2192.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bentaleb I., Abdelghani K. B., Rostom S., Amine B., Laatar A., Bahiri R. Reactive Arthritis: Update. Curr Clin Microbiol Rep. 2020; 7 (4): 124-132. DOI: 10.1007/s40588-020-00152-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bentaleb I., Abdelghani K. B., Rostom S., Amine B., Laatar A., Bahiri R. Reactive Arthritis: Update. Curr Clin Microbiol Rep. 2020; 7 (4): 124-132. DOI: 10.1007/s40588-020-00152-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беседовская Н. А., Загребнева А. И. Дебют аксиального спондилита на фоне синдрома Рейтера (клинический случай). РМЖ. Медицинское обозрение. 2018; 2 (5): 43-45. Оригинальная статья опубликована на сайте РМЖ (Русский медицинский журнал): http://www.rmj.ru/articles/revmatologiya/Debyut_aksialynogo_spondilita_na_fone_sindroma_Reytera_klinicheskiy_sluchay/#ixzz7iHPB8Tcm.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Besedovskaya N. A., Zagrebneva A. I. Onset of axial spondylitis on the background of Reiter's syndrome (a clinical case). RMZh. Medical Review. 2018; 2 (5): 43-45. The original article was published on the website RMJ (Russian Medical Journal): http://www.rmj.ru/articles/revmatologiya/Debyut_aksialynogo_spondilita_na_fone_sindroma_Reytera_klinicheskiy_sluchay/#ixzz7iHPB8Tcm. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
