<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство "Открытые системы"»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2025.28.11.012</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-1504</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНАЯ ТЕМА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TOPICAL THEME</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Не ждите анемии: стратегии профилактики дефицита железа в практике терапевта</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prevention of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in therapeutic practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3066-4866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ховасова</surname><given-names>Н. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khovasova</surname><given-names>N. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ховасова Наталья Олеговна, д.м.н., профессор кафедры болезней старения Института непрерывного образования и профессионального развития; старший научный сотрудник лаборатории заболеваний костно-мышечной системы Российского геронтологического научно-клинического центра</p><p>117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya O. Khovasova, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Ageing Diseases, Institute of Continuing Education and Professional Development; Senior Researcher of the Musculoskeletal system diseases laboratory</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natashahov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6253-621X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наумов Антон Вячеславович, д.м.н., профессор кафедры болезней старения Института непрерывного образования и профессионального развития; заведующий лабораторией заболеваний костно-мышечной системы Российского геронтологического научно-клинического центр</p><p>117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton V. Naumov, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Ageing Diseases, Institute of Continuing Education and Professional Development; Head of the Musculoskeletal system diseases laboratory</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nanton78@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ховасова Н.О., Наумов А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ховасова Н.О., Наумов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khovasova N.O., Naumov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1504">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1504</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Проблема дефицита железа и железодефицитной анемии как тяжелого его проявления является актуальной в связи с ее распространенностью, клинической, социальной и экономической значимостью. Эксперты Всемирной организации здравоохранения расценивает анемию не только как заболевание, но и как проблему общественного здравоохранения и выделяют ряд социально-экономических факторов как причину развития анемии: уровень образования, финансовые возможности, доступ к медицинской помощи, качество и безопасность пищевых продуктов. Несмотря на попытки мирового сообщества снизить частоту анемии в группе женщин репродуктивного возраста, распространенность анемии не уменьшается. Демографические изменения в сторону увеличения доли пожилых людей приводят к формированию новой группы риска, для которой снижение гемоглобина ассоциировано с неблагоприятным прогнозом для здоровья и жизни. Наиболее распространенной анемией во всех категориях пациентов является железодефицитная, ведущей причиной которой считается дефицит железа в рационе. Диагностика анемии основывается прежде всего на лабораторных показателях. Снижение уровня гемоглобина ниже 130 г/л у мужчин и 120 г/л у женщин является основным критерием анемии. Для подтверждения дефицита железа и дифференциального диагноза с другими анемиями необходимо оценить показатели обмена железа – ферритин, коэффициент насыщения трансферрина железом, общую железосвязывающую способность сыворотки и трансферрин.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Для предотвращения дефицита железа, как и других дефицитарных состояний, необходимо реализовывать индивидуальные и популяционные профилактические мероприятия. Этому был посвящен совет экспертов, прошедший 15 апреля 2025 г. в Москве. Надо отметить, что данное мероприятие стало важным шагом с точки зрения организационных и клинических решений для возможности реализации программы Всемирной организации здравоохранения по снижению бремени анемии в нашей стране.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The problem of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia as its severe manifestation is urgent due to its prevalence, clinical, social and economic significance. World Health Organization experts regard anemia not only as a disease, but also as a public health problem and identify a number of socio-economic factors as the cause of anemia: education level, financial capabilities, access to medical care, quality and food safety. Despite attempts by the world community to reduce the incidence of anemia in a group of women of reproductive age, the prevalence of anemia is not decreasing. Demographic changes towards an increase in the proportion of elderly people lead to the formation of a new risk group, for which a decrease in hemoglobin is associated with an unfavorable prognosis for health and life. The most common anemia in all categories of patients is iron deficiency anemia, the leading cause of which is considered to be iron deficiency in the diet. Diagnosis of anemia is based primarily on laboratory parameters. A decrease in hemoglobin levels below 130 g/L in men and 120 g/L in women is the main criterion for anemia. To confirm GI and differential diagnosis with other anemias, it is necessary to evaluate iron metabolism indicators - ferritin, iron transferrin saturation ratio, total iron-binding capacity of serum and transferrin.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. To prevent iron deficiency, as well as other deficiency conditions, it is necessary to implement individual and population preventive measures. This was dedicated to the Council of Experts, held 15.04.2025 in Moscow. It should be noted that this event was an important step in terms of organizational and clinical decisions for the possibility of implementing the World Health Organization program to reduce the burden of anemia in our country.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дефицит железа</kwd><kwd>железодефицитная анемия</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>группы риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>iron deficiency</kwd><kwd>iron deficiency anemia</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>risk groups</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Passarelli S., Free C. M., Shepon A., et al. Global estimation of dietary micronutrient inadequacies: a modelling analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2024; 12 (10): e1590-e1599. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00276-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Passarelli S., Free C. M., Shepon A., et al. Global estimation of dietary micronutrient inadequacies: a modelling analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2024; 12 (10): e1590-e1599. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00276-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zimmermann M. B., Hurrell R. F. Nutritional iron deficiency. Lancet. 2007; 370 (9586): 511-520. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61235-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zimmermann M. B., Hurrell R. F. Nutritional iron deficiency. Lancet. 2007; 370 (9586): 511-520. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61235-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Teh M. R., Armitage A. E., Drakesmith H. Why cells need iron: a compendium of iron utilisation. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2024; 35 (12): 1026-1049. DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.04.015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teh M. R., Armitage A. E., Drakesmith H. Why cells need iron: a compendium of iron utilisation. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2024; 35 (12): 1026-1049. DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.04.015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schrage B., Rübsamen N., Schulz A., et al. Iron deficiency is a common disorder in general population and independently predicts all-cause mortality: results from the Gutenberg Health Study. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020; 109 (11): 1352-1357. DOI: 10.1007/s00392-020-01631-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schrage B., Rübsamen N., Schulz A., et al. Iron deficiency is a common disorder in general population and independently predicts all-cause mortality: results from the Gutenberg Health Study. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020; 109 (11): 1352-1357. DOI: 10.1007/s00392-020-01631-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO, Chan M. Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. Geneva, Switz World Heal Organ [Internet]. 2011; 1-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO, Chan M. Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. Geneva, Switz World Heal Organ [Internet]. 2011; 1-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD 2021 Anaemia Collaborators. Prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends in anaemia burden by severity and cause, 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Haematol. 2023; 10 (9): e713-e734. DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3026(23)00160-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GBD 2021 Anaemia Collaborators. Prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends in anaemia burden by severity and cause, 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Haematol. 2023; 10 (9): e713-e734. DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3026(23)00160-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guideline on haemoglobin cutoffs to define anaemia in individuals and populations. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guideline on haemoglobin cutoffs to define anaemia in individuals and populations. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atkinson S. H., Suchdev P. S., Bode M., et al. Getting back on track to meet global anaemia reduction targets: a Lancet Haematology Commission. Lancet Haematol. 2025; 12 (9): e717-e767. DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3026(25)00146-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atkinson S. H., Suchdev P. S., Bode M., et al. Getting back on track to meet global anaemia reduction targets: a Lancet Haematology Commission. Lancet Haematol. 2025; 12 (9): e717-e767. DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3026(25)00146-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ховасова Н. О., Воробьева Н. М., Ткачева О. Н. и др. Распространенность анемии и ее ассоциации с другими гериатрическими синдромами у лиц старше 65 лет: данные российского эпидемиологического исследования ЭВКАЛИПТ. Терапевтический архив. 2022; 94 (1): 24-31. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.01.201316.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khovasova N. O., Vorobyova N. M., Tkacheva O. N., et al. Prevalence of anemia and its association with other geriatric syndromes in individuals over 65 years of age: data from the Russian epidemiological study EVKALIPT. Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2022; 94 (1): 24-31. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.01.201316. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prevalence of anaemia, iron, and vitamin deficiencies in the health system in the Republic of Ireland: a retrospective cohort study Conor Cian Clancy, Leonard D Browne, Robert Gilligan, Ophelia Blake and Austin G Stack BJGP Open 2024; 8 (2): BJGPO.2023.0126. DOI: https://DOI.org/10.3399/BJGPO.2023.0126.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prevalence of anaemia, iron, and vitamin deficiencies in the health system in the Republic of Ireland: a retrospective cohort study Conor Cian Clancy, Leonard D Browne, Robert Gilligan, Ophelia Blake and Austin G Stack BJGP Open 2024; 8 (2): BJGPO.2023.0126. DOI: https://DOI.org/10.3399/BJGPO.2023.0126.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee C. T., Chen M. Z., Yip C. Y. C., et al. Prevalence of Anemia and Its Association with Frailty, Physical Function and Cognition in Community- Dwelling Older Adults: Findings from the HOPE Study. J Nutr Health Aging. 2021; 25 (5): 679-687. DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1625-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee C. T., Chen M. Z., Yip C. Y. C., et al. Prevalence of Anemia and Its Association with Frailty, Physical Function and Cognition in Community- Dwelling Older Adults: Findings from the HOPE Study. J Nutr Health Aging. 2021; 25 (5): 679-687. DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1625-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corona L. P., Oliveira G. B., Fernandes L. V., et al. Interrelationships of frailty, hemoglobin, cognition, and depressive symptoms in aging: a path analysis of the ELSI-Brazil study. Cad Saude Publica. 2025; 41 (3): e00105124. DOI: 10.1590/0102-311XEN105124.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corona L. P., Oliveira G. B., Fernandes L. V., et al. Interrelationships of frailty, hemoglobin, cognition, and depressive symptoms in aging: a path analysis of the ELSI-Brazil study. Cad Saude Publica. 2025; 41 (3): e00105124. DOI: 10.1590/0102-311XEN105124.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amano S., Ohta R., Sano C. Relationship between Anemia and Readmission among Older Patients in Rural Community Hospitals: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med. 2024; 13 (2): 539. DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020539.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amano S., Ohta R., Sano C. Relationship between Anemia and Readmission among Older Patients in Rural Community Hospitals: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med. 2024; 13 (2): 539. DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020539.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morita Y., Ito H., Kawaguchi S., et al. Systemic chronic diseases coexist with and affect locomotive syndrome: The Nagahama Study. Mod Rheumatol. 2023; 33 (3): 608-616. DOI: 10.1093/mr/roac039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morita Y., Ito H., Kawaguchi S., et al. Systemic chronic diseases coexist with and affect locomotive syndrome: The Nagahama Study. Mod Rheumatol. 2023; 33 (3): 608-616. DOI: 10.1093/mr/roac039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duh M. S., Mody S. H., Lefebvre P., et al. Anaemia and the risk of injurious falls in a community-dwelling elderly population. Drugs Aging. 2008; 25 (4): 325-334. DOI: 10.2165/00002512-200825040-00005. PMID: 18361542.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duh M. S., Mody S. H., Lefebvre P., et al. Anaemia and the risk of injurious falls in a community-dwelling elderly population. Drugs Aging. 2008; 25 (4): 325-334. DOI: 10.2165/00002512-200825040-00005. PMID: 18361542.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu B., Guo Z., Jiang B., et al. Factors affecting sarcopenia in older patients with chronic diseases. Ann Palliat Med. 2022; 11 (3): 972-983. DOI: 10.21037/apm-22-201.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu B., Guo Z., Jiang B., et al. Factors affecting sarcopenia in older patients with chronic diseases. Ann Palliat Med. 2022; 11 (3): 972-983. DOI: 10.21037/apm-22-201.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graham F. J., Friday J. M., Pellicori P., et al. Assessment of haemoglobin and serum markers of iron deficiency in people with cardiovascular disease. Heart. 2023; 109 (17): 1294-1301. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-32214.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graham F. J., Friday J. M., Pellicori P., et al. Assessment of haemoglobin and serum markers of iron deficiency in people with cardiovascular disease. Heart. 2023; 109 (17): 1294-1301. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-32214.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ховасова Н. О., Воробьёва Н. М., Наумов А. В. и др. Влияние анемии на 5-летнюю выживаемость лиц старческого возраста и долгожителей. Лечебное дело. 2022; 2: 22-36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khovasova N. O., Vorobyova N. M., Naumov A. V., et al. The effect of anemia on the 5-year survival rate of elderly people and centenarians. Lechebnoe delo. 2022; 2: 22-36. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Köseoğlu F. D., Özlek B. Anemia and Iron Deficiency Predict All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: 6-Year Follow-Up Study. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024; 14 (2): 209.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Köseoğlu F. D., Özlek B. Anemia and Iron Deficiency Predict All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: 6-Year Follow-Up Study. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024; 14 (2): 209.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pasricha S. R., Rogers L., Branca F., Garcia-Casal M. N. Measuring haemoglobin concentration to define anaemia: WHO guidelines. Lancet. 2024; 403 (10440): 1963-1966. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00502-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pasricha S. R., Rogers L., Branca F., Garcia-Casal M. N. Measuring haemoglobin concentration to define anaemia: WHO guidelines. Lancet. 2024; 403 (10440): 1963-1966. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00502-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haider L. M., Schwingshackl L., Hoffmann G., Ekmekcioglu C. The effect of vegetarian diets on iron status in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2026; 58 (8): 1359-1374. https://DOI.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1259210.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haider L. M., Schwingshackl L., Hoffmann G., Ekmekcioglu C. The effect of vegetarian diets on iron status in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2026; 58 (8): 1359-1374. https://DOI.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1259210.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lesjak M., Hoque R., Balesaria S., et al. Quercetin Inhibits Intestinal Iron Absorption and Ferroportin Transporter Expression In Vivo and In Vitro. PLoS ONE 2014; 9 (7): e102900. https://DOI.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102900.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lesjak M., Hoque R., Balesaria S., et al. Quercetin Inhibits Intestinal Iron Absorption and Ferroportin Transporter Expression In Vivo and In Vitro. PLoS ONE 2014; 9 (7): e102900. https://DOI.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102900.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu X. Association between dietary inflammation index with anemia in Americans: a cross-sectional study with U.S. National health and nutrition examination survey. Hematology. 2024; 29 (1): 2337567. DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2024.2337567.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu X. Association between dietary inflammation index with anemia in Americans: a cross-sectional study with U.S. National health and nutrition examination survey. Hematology. 2024; 29 (1): 2337567. DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2024.2337567.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cao N., Li J., Ling C., Wang J., An F. The association between dietary inflammatory index and anemia in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Front Nutr. 2025; 12: 1538696. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1538696.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cao N., Li J., Ling C., Wang J., An F. The association between dietary inflammatory index and anemia in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Front Nutr. 2025; 12: 1538696. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1538696.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolarš B., Mijatović Jovin V., Živanović N., et al. Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Comprehensive Overview of Established and Emerging Concepts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025; 18 (8): 1104. DOI: 10.3390/ ph18081104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolarš B., Mijatović Jovin V., Živanović N., et al. Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Comprehensive Overview of Established and Emerging Concepts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025; 18 (8): 1104. DOI: 10.3390/ ph18081104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giromini C., Givens D. I. Benefits and Risks Associated with Meat Consumption during Key Life Processes and in Relation to the Risk of Chronic Diseases. Foods. 2022; 11 (14): 2063. DOI: 10.3390/foods11142063.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giromini C., Givens D. I. Benefits and Risks Associated with Meat Consumption during Key Life Processes and in Relation to the Risk of Chronic Diseases. Foods. 2022; 11 (14): 2063. DOI: 10.3390/foods11142063.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berger M. M., Shenkin A., Dizdar O. S., et al. ESPEN practical short micronutrient guideline. Clin Nutr. 2024; 43 (3): 825-857. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.01.030.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berger M. M., Shenkin A., Dizdar O. S., et al. ESPEN practical short micronutrient guideline. Clin Nutr. 2024; 43 (3): 825-857. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.01.030.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации «Недостаточность питания (мальнутриция) у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста» 2025 г. https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/615_3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical guidelines "Malnutrition in elderly and senile patients" 2025. https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/615_3. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blank P. R., Tomonaga Y., Szucs T. D., et al. Economic burden of symptomatic iron deficiency – a survey among Swiss women. BMC Women's Health. 2019; 19: 39. https://DOI.org/10.1186/s12905-019-0733-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blank P. R., Tomonaga Y., Szucs T. D., et al. Economic burden of symptomatic iron deficiency – a survey among Swiss women. BMC Women's Health. 2019; 19: 39. https://DOI.org/10.1186/s12905-019-0733-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Munro M. G., Critchley H. O., Broder M. S., Fraser I. S. FIGO Working Group on Menstrual Disorders. FIGO classification system (PALMCOEIN) for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011; 113 (1): 3-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.11.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Munro M. G., Critchley H. O., Broder M. S., Fraser I. S. FIGO Working Group on Menstrual Disorders. FIGO classification system (PALMCOEIN) for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011; 113 (1): 3-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.11.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taylor H. S., Pal L., Sell E. Speroff’s Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility. 9th ed. Wolters Kluwer; Philadelphia, PA, USA: 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taylor H. S., Pal L., Sell E. Speroff’s Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility. 9th ed. Wolters Kluwer; Philadelphia, PA, USA: 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh S. S., Calaf Alsina J., Vannuccini S., et al. Clinical perspectives on the menstrual pictogram for the assessment of heavy menstrual bleeding. Hum Reprod Open. 2022; 2022 (4): hoac048. DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoac04.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh S. S., Calaf Alsina J., Vannuccini S., et al. Clinical perspectives on the menstrual pictogram for the assessment of heavy menstrual bleeding. Hum Reprod Open. 2022; 2022 (4): hoac048. DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoac04.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соколовская Т. А., Бантьева М. Н. Динамика соматической заболеваемости женщин, осложняющей течение родов. Социальные аспекты здоровья населения [сетевое издание] 2022; 68 (1): 11. URL: http://vestnik.mednet.ru/content/view/1345/30/lang,ru/ DOI: 10.21045/2071-5021-2022-68-1-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sokolovskaya T. A., Bantieva M. N. Dynamics of somatic morbidity in women complicating childbirth. Social aspects of public health [online publication] 2022; 68 (1): 11. URL: http://vestnik.mednet.ru/content/view/1345/30/lang,ru/ DOI: 10.21045/2071-5021-2022-68-1-11. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации «Железодефицитная анемия» 2024 г. https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/669_2. Clinical guidelines "Iron deficiency anemia" 2024. https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/669_2. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical guidelines "Iron deficiency anemia" 2024. https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/669_2. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ali Daud Mohammad. Proton Pump Inhibitors’ Use and Risk of Iron Deficiency Anaemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology 2023; 18 (2). https://dx.DOI.org/10.2174/2772432817666220307121220.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ali Daud Mohammad. Proton Pump Inhibitors’ Use and Risk of Iron Deficiency Anaemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology 2023; 18 (2). https://dx.DOI.org/10.2174/2772432817666220307121220.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu Y. T., Lu Y. T., Chu C. Y., et al. Is use of a long-term proton pump inhibitor or histamine-2 receptor antagonist a risk factor for iron-deficiency anaemia in Taiwan? A neglected clinical drug-drug interaction. Fam Pract. 2025; 42 (2): cmad090. DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmad090.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu Y. T., Lu Y. T., Chu C. Y., et al. Is use of a long-term proton pump inhibitor or histamine-2 receptor antagonist a risk factor for iron-deficiency anaemia in Taiwan? A neglected clinical drug-drug interaction. Fam Pract. 2025; 42 (2): cmad090. DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmad090.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou H., Fan Z., Da Y., et al. Causal Relationships Between Iron Deficiency Anemia, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolites: Insights from Mendelian Randomization and In Vivo Data. Biomedicines. 2025; 13 (3): 677. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13030677.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou H., Fan Z., Da Y., et al. Causal Relationships Between Iron Deficiency Anemia, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolites: Insights from Mendelian Randomization and In Vivo Data. Biomedicines. 2025; 13 (3): 677. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13030677.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soriano-Lerma A., García-Burgos M., Barton W., et al. Comprehensive insight into the alterations in the gut microbiome and the intestinal barrier as a consequence of iron deficiency anaemia. Biomed J. 2024: 100701. DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100701.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soriano-Lerma A., García-Burgos M., Barton W., et al. Comprehensive insight into the alterations in the gut microbiome and the intestinal barrier as a consequence of iron deficiency anaemia. Biomed J. 2024: 100701. DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100701.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Özbilen M. Coexistence of multiple causes in patients with iron deficiency. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2024; 28 (2): 469-476. DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202401_35046.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Özbilen M. Coexistence of multiple causes in patients with iron deficiency. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2024; 28 (2): 469-476. DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202401_35046.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lahtiharju T., Savola P., Lempiäinen A., et al. Ferritin outperforms other biomarkers in predicting bone marrow iron stores in patients with hematologic disorders. Blood Adv. 2025; 9 (7): 1608-1617. DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2024014283.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lahtiharju T., Savola P., Lempiäinen A., et al. Ferritin outperforms other biomarkers in predicting bone marrow iron stores in patients with hematologic disorders. Blood Adv. 2025; 9 (7): 1608-1617. DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2024014283.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nutritional anaemias: tools for effective prevention and control. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nutritional anaemias: tools for effective prevention and control. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Драпкина О. М., Ткачева О. Н., Ших Е. В., Дроздова Л. Ю., Баранов И. И., Бакулин И. Г., Бакиров Б. А., Пономарев Р. В., Стародубова А. В., Федорова Т. А., Ховасова Н. О. Профилактика дефицита железа и железодефицитной анемии у различных категорий пациентов в Российской Федерации. Резолюция Совета экспертов. Первичная медико-санитарная помощь. 2025;2(3):21-34. doi: 10.15829/3034-4123-2025-74. EDN: WZJVAX</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drapkina O. M., Tkacheva O. N., Shikh E. V., Drozdova L. Yu., Baranov I. I., Bakulin I. G., Bakirov B. A., Ponomarev R. V., Starodubova A. V., Fedorova T. A., Khovasova N. O. Prevention of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in various categories of patients in the Russian Federation. Resolution of the Council of Experts. Pervichnaya medikosanitarnaya pomosch. 2025;2(3):21-34. doi: 10.15829/3034-4123-2025-74. EDN: WZJVAX</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu X., Chen L., Ding H., et al. Iron Transport from Ferrous Bisglycinate and Ferrous Sulfate in DMT1-Knockout Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (3): 485. DOI: 10.3390/nu11030485.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu X., Chen L., Ding H., et al. Iron Transport from Ferrous Bisglycinate and Ferrous Sulfate in DMT1-Knockout Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (3): 485. DOI: 10.3390/nu11030485.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bumrungpert A., Pavadhgul P., Piromsawasdi T., Mozafari M. R. Efficacy and Safety of Ferrous Bisglycinate and Folinic Acid in the Control of Iron Deficiency in Pregnant Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2022; 14 (3): 452. DOI: 10.3390/nu14030452. PMID: 35276810; PMCID: PMC8839493.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bumrungpert A., Pavadhgul P., Piromsawasdi T., Mozafari M. R. Efficacy and Safety of Ferrous Bisglycinate and Folinic Acid in the Control of Iron Deficiency in Pregnant Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2022; 14 (3): 452. DOI: 10.3390/nu14030452. PMID: 35276810; PMCID: PMC8839493.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milman N., Jønsson L., Dyre P., et al. Ferrous bisglycinate 25 mg iron is as effective as ferrous sulfate 50 mg iron in the prophylaxis of iron deficiency and anemia during pregnancy in a randomized trial. J Perinat Med. 2014; 42 (2): 197-206. DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2013-0153. PMID: 24152889.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milman N., Jønsson L., Dyre P., et al. Ferrous bisglycinate 25 mg iron is as effective as ferrous sulfate 50 mg iron in the prophylaxis of iron deficiency and anemia during pregnancy in a randomized trial. J Perinat Med. 2014; 42 (2): 197-206. DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2013-0153. PMID: 24152889.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szarfarc S. C., de Cassana L. M., Fujimori E., et al. Relative effectiveness of iron bis-glycinate chelate (Ferrochel) and ferrous sulfate in the control of iron deficiency in pregnant women. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2001; 51 (1 Suppl1): 42-47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szarfarc S. C., de Cassana L. M., Fujimori E., et al. Relative effectiveness of iron bis-glycinate chelate (Ferrochel) and ferrous sulfate in the control of iron deficiency in pregnant women. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2001; 51 (1 Suppl1): 42-47.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fischer J. A. J., Cherian A. M., Bone J. N., Karakochuk C. D. The effects of oral ferrous bisglycinate supplementation on hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations in adults and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev. 2023; 81 (8): 904-920. DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac106. PMID: 36728680; PMCID: PMC10331582.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fischer J. A. J., Cherian A. M., Bone J. N., Karakochuk C. D. The effects of oral ferrous bisglycinate supplementation on hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations in adults and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev. 2023; 81 (8): 904-920. DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac106. PMID: 36728680; PMCID: PMC10331582.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бакиров Б. А., Нагаев И. Р., Донсков С. В. Нутритивная коррекция статуса обмена железа у женщин репродуктивного возраста: результаты открытого проспективного пострегистрационного исследования с активным контролем в параллельных группах. CardioСоматика. 2025; 1 (16). DOI: 10.17816/CS677071.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakirov B. A., Nagaev I. R., Donskov S. V. Nutritional correction of iron metabolism status in women of reproductive age: results of an open-label prospective post-registration study with active control in parallel groups. CardioSomatic. 2025; 1 (16). DOI: 10.17816/CS677071. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
