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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2025.28.8.010</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-1453</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНАЯ ТЕМА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TOPICAL THEME</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Цитокиновый профиль эндометрия при аномальных маточных кровотечениях у женщин на менопаузальной гормональной терапии: данные по интерлейкинам-2, -6 и -15</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Endometrial cytokine profile in abnormal uterine bleeding among women on menopausal hormone therapy: data on interleukin-2, -6, and -15</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7830-2290</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доброхотова</surname><given-names>Ю. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobrokhotova</surname><given-names>Yu. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доброхотова Юлия Эдуардовна, д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии института хирургии</p><p>117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia E. Dobrokhotova, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Institute of Surgery</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pr.dobrohotova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7966-7486</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафарли</surname><given-names>С. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safarli</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сафарли Сабина Эльмар кызы, акушер-гинеколог, аспирант кафедры акушерства и гинекологии института хирургии</p><p>117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sabina E. Safarli, obstetrician and gynecologist, PhD student of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Institute of Surgery</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sabina.safarli000@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0677-2952</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нариманова</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Narimanova</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нариманова Метанат Рафиг кызы, к.м.н., доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии института хирургии</p><p>117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Metanat R. Narimanova, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Institute of Surgery</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">safarovametanat@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8155-8775</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilina</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ильина Ирина Юрьевна, д.м.н., профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии института хирургии</p><p>117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Yu. Ilina, Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Institute of Surgery</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iliyina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2567-6215</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казиева</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazieva</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казиева Милана Давудовна, ассистент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии института хирургии</p><p>117513, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Milana D. Kazieva, Assistant of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Institute of Surgery</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mila1705@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>7-8</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Доброхотова Ю.Э., Сафарли С.Э., Нариманова М.Р., Ильина И.Ю., Казиева М.Д., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Доброхотова Ю.Э., Сафарли С.Э., Нариманова М.Р., Ильина И.Ю., Казиева М.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dobrokhotova Y.E., Safarli S.E., Narimanova R.M., Ilina I.Y., Kazieva M.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1453">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1453</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Аномальные маточные кровотечения являются одной из наиболее частых причин прекращения менопаузальной гормональной терапии. Однако в значительной части случаев аномальные маточные кровотечения развиваются без органических причин, что предполагает участие функциональных и иммунных механизмов, включая изменения цитокинового профиля эндометрия. Особый интерес представляют интерлейкины-2, -6, -15, играющие ключевую роль в регуляции врожденного иммунного ответа слизистой оболочки матки.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Оценить уровни интерлейкинов-2, -6 и -15 в эндометриальной среде у женщин в постменопаузе, получающих менопаузальную гормональную терапию, и установить возможную связь между концентрациями этих цитокинов и развитием аномальных маточных кровотечений.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено рандомизированное контролируемое исследование при участии 106 женщин в постменопаузе. Основная группа (n = 72) получала непрерывную комбинированную менопаузальную гормональную терапию (1 мг эстрадиола + 5 мг дидрогестерона), контрольная группа (n = 34) менопаузальной гормональной терапии не получала. Уровни интерлейкинов-2, -6 и -15 в аспирате из полости матки определялись методом иммуноферментного анализа до и после 6 месяцев терапии, а также во время эпизодов аномальных маточных кровотечений.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Уровни интерлейкинов-2 и -6 не претерпели статистически значимых изменений ни после 6 месяцев менопаузальной гормональной терапии, ни в зависимости от наличия аномальных маточных кровотечений. Уровень интерлейкина-15 достоверно увеличивалася после 6 месяцев терапии (p &lt; 0,001) как у женщин без аномальных маточных кровотечений, так и у пациенток с их наличием. Концентрация интерлейкина-15 была статистически выше у пациенток с аномальными маточными кровотечениями по сравнению с женщинами без таковых (p = 0,0254).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что интерлейкин-15 является чувствительным маркером иммунного ответа эндометрия на экзогенную гормональную стимуляцию и может быть вовлечен в патогенез аномальных маточных кровотечений на фоне менопаузальной гормональной терапии. Интерлейкины-2 и -6, напротив, не продемонстрировали диагностически значимых изменений, что указывает на их ограниченное участие в локальном воспалительном ответе.</p><p>Результаты свидетельствуют о необходимости дальнейших исследований с расширением панели иммунных маркеров и функциональной оценкой клеточных компонентов эндометрия.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the most common reasons for discontinuation of menopausal hormone therapy. However, in a significant number of cases, abnormal uterine bleeding occurs without identifiable organic causes, suggesting the involvement of functional and immunological mechanisms, including alterations in the cytokine profile of the endometrium. Particular attention is given to interleukins IL-2, IL-6, and IL-15, which play a pivotal role in regulating the innate immune response of the endometrial mucosa.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To assess the levels of interleukins IL-2, IL-6, and IL-15 in the endometrial environment of postmenopausal women receiving menopausal hormone therapy, and to evaluate their potential association with the development of abnormal uterine bleeding.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A randomized controlled study was conducted involving 106 postmenopausal women. The main group (n = 72) received continuous combined menopausal hormone therapy (estradiol 1 mg + dydrogesterone 5 mg), while the control group (n = 34) did not receive hormone therapy. Levels of IL-2, IL-6, and IL-15 in uterine aspirates were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) prior to treatment, after 6 months of menopausal hormone therapy, and during episodes of abnormal uterine bleeding.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Levels of IL-2 and IL-6 did not show statistically significant changes either after 6 months of menopausal hormone therapy or in relation to the presence of AUB. In contrast, IL-15 levels increased significantly after 6 months of therapy (p &lt; 0.001) in both women with and without abnormal uterine bleeding. Moreover, IL-15 concentrations were significantly higher in women with abnormal uterine bleeding compared to those without (p = 0.0254).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The findings indicate that IL-15 is a sensitive marker of the endometrial immune response to exogenous hormonal stimulation and may be involved in the pathogenesis of abnormal uterine bleeding during menopausal hormone therapy. Conversely, IL-2 and IL-6 did not demonstrate diagnostically relevant changes, suggesting their limited role in the local inflammatory response. These results highlight the need for further studies involving an expanded panel of immune markers and functional assessment of endometrial immune cell populations.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аномальное маточное кровотечение</kwd><kwd>менопаузальная гормональная терапия</kwd><kwd>маточные естественные киллеры</kwd><kwd>цитокин</kwd><kwd>интерлейкин-2</kwd><kwd>интерлейкин-6</kwd><kwd>интерлейкин-15</kwd><kwd>постменопауза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>abnormal uterine bleeding</kwd><kwd>menopausal hormone therapy</kwd><kwd>uterine natural killer cells</kwd><kwd>сytokine</kwd><kwd>interleukin-2</kwd><kwd>interleukin-6</kwd><kwd>interleukin-2</kwd><kwd>-6</kwd><kwd>-15</kwd><kwd>menopause</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamdaoui N., Boubli L. 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