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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство "Открытые системы"»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2025.28.4.012</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-1395</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНАЯ ТЕМА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TOPICAL THEME</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности противовирусного иммунитета пожилых пациентов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Special features of antiviral immunity in elderly patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2244-8810</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маннанова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mannanova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маннанова Ирина Владимировна - к.м.н., научный сотрудник клинического отдела инфекционной патологии.</p><p>111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, 3а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Mannanova - Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Researcher at the Clinical Department of Infectious Pathology, Federal Budgetary Institution of Science Central Research Institute of Epidemiology for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being.</p><p>3a Novogireevskaya str., Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinasemenova07@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9459-8143</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Понежева</surname><given-names>Л. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponezheva</surname><given-names>L. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Понежева Лиана Оскаровна - к.м.н., ассистент кафедры клинической иммунологии и аллергологии.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liana O. Ponezheva - Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Assistant at the Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.</p><p>8/2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ponejevaliana@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2893-0854</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Турапова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turapova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Турапова Александра Николаевна - к.м.н., научный сотрудник клинического отдела инфекционной патологии.</p><p>111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, 3а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandra N. Turapova - Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Researcher at the Clinical Department of Infectious Pathology, Federal Budgetary Institution of Science Central Research Institute of Epidemiology for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being.</p><p>3a Novogireevskaya str., Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alyaspid@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6539-4878</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Понежева</surname><given-names>Ж. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponezheva</surname><given-names>Zh. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Понежева Жанна Бетовна - д.м.н., заведующая клиническим отделом инфекционной патологии.</p><p>111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, 3а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhanna B. Ponezheva - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Clinical Department of Infectious Pathology, Federal Budgetary Institution of Science Central Research Institute of Epidemiology for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being.</p><p>3a Novogireevskaya str., Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doktorim@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маннанова И.В., Понежева Л.О., Турапова А.Н., Понежева Ж.Б., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маннанова И.В., Понежева Л.О., Турапова А.Н., Понежева Ж.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mannanova I.V., Ponezheva L.O., Turapova A.N., Ponezheva Z.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1395">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1395</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Последнее столетие характеризуется увеличением численности пожилого населения во всем мире. Также и по данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения за последнее столетие численность пожилого населения сильно выросла, а к 2030 г. люди в возрасте 60 лет и старше будут составлять одну шестую жителей планеты. Старение как биологический процесс приводит к постепенному снижению физических возможностей организма человека и повышению вероятности развития различных заболеваний. Для пожилых характерно появление ряда сложных клинических состояний, называемых гериатрическими комплексами. К ним, наряду с развитием хронических болезней, относят и иммуностарение, в силу которого пожилые люди подвержены высокому риску развития инфекционных заболеваний, часто с отягощенным течением и неблагоприятным прогнозом. Хроническая стимуляция иммунной системы, связанная с персистенцией некоторых вирусов (герпесвирусы) в организме, возрастные изменения микробиоты кишечника, клеточное старение как ответ на повреждение и стресс, а также накопление «стареющих» клеток во многих тканях, особенно в жировой, приводят к формированию иммуностарения, характеризующегося несбалансированным увеличением концентрации в крови провоспалительных цитокинов и снижением уровня противовоспалительных медиаторов. Иммуностарение влечет за собой возрастные изменения иммунитета: снижение количества Т-лимфоцитов, изменение функциональной активности В-лимфоцитов, нарушение продукции специфических защитных антител, замедление синтеза белков комплемента и снижение макрофагальной активности. Старение иммунной системы обусловливает высокую восприимчивость и тяжелое течение острых респираторных инфекций у людей старшей возрастной группы.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Особенности иммунной системы пожилых пациентов диктуют терапевтические стратегии, основанные на модуляции иммунного ответа организма. С учетом дефицита интерфероновой системы у лиц старше 60 лет в комплексной терапии острых респираторных вирусных инфекций оправдано назначение препаратов интерферона α-2b, в том числе в высоких дозах.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The last century is characterized by an increase in the number of elderly population worldwide, and according to the World Health Organization, the number of elderly population has increased dramatically over the last century, and by 2030 people aged 60 years and older will account for one sixth of the world's inhabitants. Aging as a biological process leads to a gradual decline in the physical capabilities of the human body and an increased likelihood of developing various diseases. Older people are characterized by the appearance of a number of complex clinical conditions called geriatric complexes. Along with the development of chronic diseases, these include immune aging, due to which elderly people are at high risk of developing infectious diseases, often with an aggravated course and unfavorable prognosis. The process of immunosenescence causes a high risk of infectious diseases in the elderly, often with an aggravated course and unfavorable prognosis. Chronic stimulation of the immune system associated with persistence of some viruses (herpesviruses) in the body, age-related changes in the gut microbiota, cellular aging as a response to damage and stress, as well as the accumulation of "aging" cells in many tissues, especially in adipose tissue cells, lead to the formation of immunosenescence characterized by an unbalanced increase in the blood concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and a decrease in the level of anti-inflammatory mediators. Immunosenescence entails age-related changes in immunity: a decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes, changes in the functional activity of B-lymphocytes, impaired production of specific protective antibodies, slower synthesis of complement proteins and decreased macrophage activity. Aging of the immune system causes high susceptibility and severe course of acute respiratory infections in older people.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The peculiarities of the immune system of elderly patients dictate therapeutic strategies based on modulation of the immune response of the organism. Taking into account the deficiency of the interferon system in people over 60 years of age, the administration of interferon α-2b preparations, including high doses, is justified in the complex therapy of acute respiratory viral infections.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммуностарение</kwd><kwd>острые респираторные инфекции</kwd><kwd>интерфероны</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immune aging</kwd><kwd>acute respiratory infections</kwd><kwd>interferons</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артемьева О. 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