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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство "Открытые системы"»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2025.28.4.003</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-1385</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕВРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEUROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стероидная терапия пациентов с внутричерепной гипертензией при первичных опухолях и метастатическом поражении головного мозга (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Steroid therapy in patients with intracranial hypertension from primary brain tumors and brain metastases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Введенская</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vvedenskaya</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Введенская Елена Станиславовна - к.м.н., онколог, заведующая отделением паллиативной специализированной медицинской помощи.</p><p>603157, Нижний Новгород, ул. Берёзовская, 85А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena S. Vvedenskaya - Oncologist, Head of the Palliative Specialized Medical Care Unit, State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Nizhny Novgorod region City Clinical Hospital No. 30 of the Moskovsky district of Nizhny Novgorod.</p><p>85A Berezovskaya str., Nizhny Novgorod, 603157</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenavveden@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мольков</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Molkov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мольков Александр Михайлович - анестезиолог-реаниматолог высшей категории, заведующий отделением анестезиологии и реанимации, анестезиолог отделения паллиативной специализированной медицинской помощи.</p><p>603157, Нижний Новгород, ул. Берёзовская, 85А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr M. Molkov - Anesthesiologist-Reanimatologist of the highest category, Head of the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Anesthesiologist of the Department of Palliative Specialized Medical Care, State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Nizhny Novgorod region City Clinical Hospital No. 30 of the Moskovsky district of Nizhny Novgorod.</p><p>85A Berezovskaya str., Nizhny Novgorod, 603157</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malevich.83@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница № 30 Московского района г. Нижнего Новгорода</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital No. 30 of the Moskovsky district of Nizhny Novgorod</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Введенская Е.С., Мольков А.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Введенская Е.С., Мольков А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vvedenskaya E.S., Molkov A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1385">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1385</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. У пациентов со злокачественными новообразованиями головного мозга часто развивается синдром внутричерепной гипертензии. У трех четвертей пациентов терапия кортикостероидами уменьшает клинические проявления отека мозга, как правило, в течение 48 часов и является необходимым условием для начала лучевой терапии после операции, особенно у пациентов с опухолями головного мозга со значительным масс-эффектом. Повышение внутричерепного давления значительно ухудшает качество жизни и пациентов, нуждающихся в паллиативной помощи. Применение кортикостероидов у этой категории пациентов не только позволяет провести специальное лечение и улучшает качество жизни, но и бывает необходимо по жизненным показаниям. В настоящее время нет четких подробных рекомендаций и протоколов по применению дексаметазона у пациентов данной группы.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В статье приводится аналитический обзор зарубежной и отечественной литературы с целью информирования врачей о существующих подходах и рекомендациях по применению дексаметазона у пациентов со злокачественными новообразованиями головного мозга при развитии синдрома внутричерепной гипертензии.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Анализируются различные подходы к выбору тактики терапии дексаметазоном: кому показано назначение дексаметазона, какие оптимальные дозы дексаметазона необходимы при повышении внутричерепного давления, как снижать дозу дексаметазона, как проводить профилактику и терапию нежелательных явлений.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. На всех этапах оказания помощи врач должен стремиться сделать все возможное не только для стабилизации патологического процесса, продления жизни пациента, но и для улучшения ее качества. Клинические случаи в нашей практике требуют индивидуального подхода. Тем не менее врачам требуются базовые знания, которые они могут использовать в своей работе, адаптируя их к конкретной клинической ситуации. Поэтому необходимы разработка и внедрение практического руководства по применению стероидов у пациентов со злокачественными новообразованиями головного мозга как в процессе радикального лечения, так и при оказании паллиативной медицинской помощи. Вопросы тактики назначения стероидной терапии следует включить в программу подготовки врачей по паллиативной медицинской помощи, так как они чаще всего курируют пациентов данного профиля.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Intracranial hypertension syndrome often develops in patients with brain malignant neoplasms. In three quarters of patients corticosteroid therapy reduces clinical manifestations of cerebral edema, usually within 48 hours, and is a prerequisite for starting radiation therapy after surgery, especially in patients with brain tumors with a significant mass effect. Intracranial hypertension significantly worsens the palliative patient’s life quality. The use of corticosteroids in this category of patients not only allows provide special treatment and improves the quality of life, but is also necessary for saving life. Currently, there are no clear detailed recommendations and protocols for the use of dexamethasone in this group of patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The article provides an analytical review of foreign and Russian literature in order to inform doctors about existing approaches and recommendations for the use of dexamethasone in patients with malignant brain neoplasms with intracranial hypertension syndrome.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. Some questions of dexamethasone therapy are analyzed: whom dexamethasone is indicated for, what are the optimal doses of dexamethasone for the patients with intracranial hypertension, how to reduce the dose of dexamethasone, how to prevent and treat its adverse events.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. At all stages of medical care doctors should strive to do everything possible to stabilize the disease, prolong life, as well as to improve its quality. All the patients in our practice require an individual approach. However, doctors need basic knowledge that they can use in their work adapting it to a specific clinical situation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement a practical guide for the use of steroids in patients with malignant brain neoplasms both in the process of special treatment and in palliative care. Steroid therapy tactical issues should be included in the training program for palliative care doctors, since they most often supervise this cohort of patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метастазы в головной мозг</kwd><kwd>первичные опухоли головного мозга</kwd><kwd>стероиды</kwd><kwd>внутричерепная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>дексаметазон</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>brain metastases</kwd><kwd>primary brain tumors</kwd><kwd>steroids</kwd><kwd>intracranial hypertension</kwd><kwd>dexamethasone</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cancer incidence in five continents. Vol. XII. WHO. 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