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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство "Открытые системы"»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2025.28.3.005</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-1369</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭНДОКРИНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENDOCRINOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лечение парезов гортани после операции на щитовидной железе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Treatment of laryngeal paresis after thyroid surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3587-697X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захохов</surname><given-names>Р. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakhokhov</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захохов Руслан Максидович, к.м.н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой общей хирургии</p><p>360004, Нальчик, ул. Чернышевского, 173</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ruslan M. Zakhokhov, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of General Surgery Department</p><p>173 Chernyshevsky str., Nalchik, 360004</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zakh-rus@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-6161</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ловпаче</surname><given-names>З. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lovpache</surname><given-names>Z. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ловпаче Зарема Нурийдиновна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры общей хирургии</p><p>360004, Нальчик, ул. Чернышевского, 173</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zarema N. Lovpache, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of General Surgery Department</p><p>173 Chernyshevsky str., Nalchik, 360004</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lovpache.zarema@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3405-937X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Теувов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Teuvov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Теувов Аслан Алексеевич, к.м.н., доцент кафедры общей хирургии</p><p>360004, Нальчик, ул. Чернышевского, 173</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aslan A. Teuvov, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of General Surgery Department</p><p>173 Chernyshevsky str., Nalchik, 360004</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6360-6577</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Базиев</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baziev</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Базиев Артур Мухарбиевич, к.м.н., доцент кафедры общей хирургии</p><p>360004, Нальчик, ул. Чернышевского, 173</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artur M. Baziev, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of General Surgery Department</p><p>173 Chernyshevsky str., Nalchik, 360004</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bazzaarth76@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4761-3552</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Теуникова</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Teunikova</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Теуникова Ирина Сергеевна, ассистент кафедры общей хирургии</p><p>360004, Нальчик, ул. Чернышевского, 173</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina S. Teunikova, assistant of General Surgery Department</p><p>173 Chernyshevsky str., Nalchik, 360004</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">teunikova88@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кабардино-Балкарский государственный университет имени Х. М. Бербекова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after Kh. M. Berbekov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захохов Р.М., Ловпаче З.Н., Теувов А.А., Базиев А.М., Теуникова И.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захохов Р.М., Ловпаче З.Н., Теувов А.А., Базиев А.М., Теуникова И.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakhokhov R.M., Lovpache Z.N., Teuvov A.A., Baziev A.M., Teunikova I.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1369">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1369</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Нередким осложнением при операциях на щитовидной железе является повреждение нижнего или верхнего гортанного нервов с последующим развитием пареза гортани, изменениями дыхания, фонации и нарушением глотания. В целом частота послеоперационного осложнения значительно варьирует: различные авторы указывают диапазон от 0,2% до 15%, при этом отмечается рост стойких нарушений иннервации при повторных вмешательствах (1-5%) по сравнению с первичными операциями на щитовидной железе (15-30%). Если нестойкие параличи ликвидируются в течение 1-3 месяцев после операции, стойкие нарушения являются серьезной проблемой, которая требует сложного терапевтического подхода и может стать причиной нетрудоспособности пациентов определенных профессий.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Целью статьи являются обобщение и систематизация имеющихся литературных данных о терапевтических вмешательствах при послеоперационном парезе гортани для определения наиболее эффективных современных методик лечения; также рассматриваются профилактические меры и пути оптимизации ранней диагностики данного осложнения операций на щитовидной железе.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Проведен анализ консервативных подходов к лечению парезов гортани (психотерапия, физиотерапия, фонопедия, медикаментозное лечение). Рассмотрены хирургические методы лечения пареза гортани, представлены методы профилактики и пути оптимизации ранней диагностики данного послеоперационного осложнения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Несмотря на активное внедрение интраоперационного мониторинга и иных профилактических мероприятий, при операции на щитовидной железе по-прежнему возможны осложнения. Сравнительные исследования на обширной когорте пациентов, позволяющие оценить преимущество одного метода перед другими, проводятся редко, результаты небольших сравнительных исследований бывают противоречивы. Вероятно, при лечении послеоперационного пареза гортани следует рассматривать комбинированный подход, учитывающий возможности региональных учреждений здравоохранения и предпочтения пациента.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. A frequent complication during operations on the thyroid gland is damage to the lower or upper laryngeal nerves, followed by the development of laryngeal paresis, with changes in breathing, phonation and impaired swallowing. In general, the incidence of postoperative complications varies considerably: different authors indicate a range from 0.2% to 15%, with an increase in persistent innervation disorders in repeated interventions (1-5%) compared with primary thyroid surgery (15-30%). If non-persistent paralyses are eliminated within 1-3 months after surgery, persistent disorders are a serious problem that requires a complex therapeutic approach and may cause disability of patients in certain professions.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. The purpose of the article is to summarize and systematize the available literature data on therapeutic interventions for postoperative laryngeal paresis, to determine the most effective modern treatment methods; also consider preventive measures and ways to optimize early diagnosis of this complication of thyroid surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. An analysis of conservative approaches to the treatment of laryngeal paresis (psychotherapy, physiotherapy, phonopedia, drug treatment) was carried out. Surgical methods for treating laryngeal paresis are considered, methods of prevention and ways to optimize early diagnosis of postoperative laryngeal paresis are presented.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Despite the active implementation of intraoperative monitoring and other preventive measures, complications are still possible during thyroid surgery. Comparative studies with large cohorts of patients assessing the superiority of one method over another are rare, and the results of small comparative studies are inconsistent. It is likely that a combined approach should be considered in the treatment of postoperative laryngeal paresis, taking into account possible regional health care facilities and patient preferences.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>парез гортани</kwd><kwd>послеоперационный паралич</kwd><kwd>голосовая терапия</kwd><kwd>фонопедия</kwd><kwd>медиализационная тиреопластика</kwd><kwd>ларингопластика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>laryngeal paresis</kwd><kwd>postoperative paralysis</kwd><kwd>voice therapy</kwd><kwd>phonopedia</kwd><kwd>medialization thyroplasty</kwd><kwd>laryngoplasty</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nam I. C., Park Y. H. Pharyngolaryngeal symptoms associated with thyroid disease. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017; 25: 469-74. 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