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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2025.28.1.001</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-1342</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕДИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние β-пальмитата на микробиоту кишечника и иммунитет при искусственном и смешанном вскармливании</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of β-palmitate on intestinal microbiota and immunity during artificial and mixed feeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копанев</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopanev</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Копанев Юрий Александрович - к.м.н., педиатр.</p><p>125212, Москва, ул. Адмирала Макарова, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuriy A. Kopanev - Cand. of Sci, (Med.), pediatrician, Federal Budgetary Institution of Science Moscow Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after G.N. Gabrichevsky of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being.</p><p>10 Admiral Makarov str., Moscow, 125212</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuakop@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соколов Андрей Львович – педиатр.</p><p>LV-1067, Рига, Клейсты, ул. Ратсупитес, 7 k-3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey L. Sokolov - pediatrician, Laboveritas.</p><p>Ratsupites 7 k-3, Riga, LV-1067, Kleisti</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">2336694@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Г.Н. Габричевского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after G.N. Gabrichevsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Laboveritas</institution><country>Латвия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Laboveritas</institution><country>Latvia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Копанев Ю.А., Соколов А.Л., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Копанев Ю.А., Соколов А.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kopanev Y.A., Sokolov A.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1342">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1342</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Грудное молоко для детей первого года жизни является лучшим способом питания, поскольку выполняет не только пищевую функцию. Гормоны, биологически активные вещества, иммунные комплексы, живые клетки материнского молока оказывают благотворное влияние на организм ребенка, обеспечивая нормальное течение процессов обмена веществ, поддержание устойчивости к действию инфекций и другим неблагоприятным внешним факторам. Грудное молоко способствует заселению желудочно-кишечного тракта ребенка полезными микроорганизмами и препятствует размножению болезнетворных бактерий. Несмотря на то, что материнское молоко является предпочтительным способом кормления детей, такой вариант не всегда возможен полностью или частично, в этом случае детям требуется введение молочных смесей в качестве дополнительного или основного питания. В силу вполне объяснимых производственных причин искусственные молочные смеси не могут полностью имитировать материнское молоко. Структура белков и спектр олигосахаридов коровьего и козьего молока имеют несколько иные характеристики, чем аналогичные молекулы грудного молока. Проблему представляют также исходные характеристики растительных жиров, которые используются для производства молочных смесей. Часть этих технологических и биологических проблем на сегодняшний день может быть решена, и производители детских смесей стараются как можно лучше адаптировать их по составу и функциям к грудному молоку.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В статье рассматриваются такие способы адаптации, как использование козьего молока и β-пальмитата для изготовления смесей, предназначенных для искусственного вскармливания. В том числе рассматривается влияние β-пальмитата на состояние микрофлоры кишечника, а также опосредованно и на иммунитет.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Breast milk is the best way to feed children in the first year of life, since it performs not only a nutritional function. Hormones, biologically active substances, immune complexes, and living cells of mother's milk have a beneficial effect on the child's body, ensuring the normal course of metabolic processes, maintaining resistance to infections and other adverse external factors. Breast milk helps populate the child's gastrointestinal tract with beneficial microorganisms and prevents the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. Despite the fact that mother's milk is the preferred way to feed children, this option is not always completely or partially possible, and in this case, children require the introduction of milk formulas as an additional or main diet. Artificial milk formulas, due to understandable production reasons, cannot completely imitate mother's milk. The structure of proteins and the spectrum of oligosaccharides in cow's and goat's milk have slightly different characteristics than similar molecules of breast milk. The original characteristics of vegetable fats, which are used to produce milk formulas, also pose a problem. Some of these technological and biological problems can be solved today, and manufacturers of infant formulas are trying to adapt their composition and functions to breast milk as best as possible.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The article discusses such adaptation methods as the use of goat milk and β-palmitate for the production of formulas intended for artificial feeding. In particular, the effect of β-palmitate on the state of the intestinal microflora, and also, indirectly, on immunity, is considered.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>β-пальмитат</kwd><kwd>микрофлора</kwd><kwd>кишечник</kwd><kwd>козье молоко</kwd><kwd>олигосахариды</kwd><kwd>молочная смесь</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd><kwd>казеин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>β-palmitate</kwd><kwd>microflora</kwd><kwd>intestine</kwd><kwd>goat's milk</kwd><kwd>oligosaccharides</kwd><kwd>milk formula</kwd><kwd>immunity</kwd><kwd>casein</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Копанев Ю. А., Соколов А. Л. и соавт. Состояние аутофлоры кишечника детей, получающих инфицированное материнское молоко. Педиатрия. Журнал имени Г. Н. Сперанского. 1999; 5: 23-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kopanev Yu. A., Sokolov A. L., et al. 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