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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2024.27.8.003</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-1272</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯ. ГЕПАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GASTROENTEROLOGY. HEPATOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Криминальный детектив: к первому описанию воспалительных заболеваний кишечника</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Crime detective: towards the first description of inflammatory bowel diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0353-795X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балуцкий</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balutsky</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Балуцкий Виктор Викторович, к.м.н., заведующий гастроэнтерологическим отделением</p><p>142110, Россия, Московская область, Подольск, ул. Маштакова, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor V. Balutsky, Cand. of Sci. (Med), Head of Gastroenterology Department</p><p>Mashtakov str., Moscow region, Podolsk, 142110</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viktor-baluckij@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3179-9364</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балуцкая</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balutskaya</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Балуцкая Анастасия Викторовна, студентка 6-го курса</p><p>119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia V. Balutskaya, 6-year student</p><p>8/2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viktor-baluckij@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГКУ «1586 Военный клинический госпиталь» Минобороны России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>1586 Military Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный университет имени И. М. Сеченова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Балуцкий В.В., Балуцкая А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Балуцкий В.В., Балуцкая А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Balutsky V.V., Balutskaya A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1272">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1272</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Первое научное описание воспалительного заболевания кишечника относится к патологоанатомическим работам Самюэля Вилкса. Данные секционные исследования связаны с реальной детективной историей, имевшей большой резонанс в викторианской Англии. В центре этой истории лежит смерть Изабеллы Бэнкс, наступившая на фоне симптомов быстропротекающего заболевания кишечника. Молодая женщина страдала на протяжении нескольких недель и погибла при загадочных обстоятельствах. При расследовании дела возникло предположение об отравлении, которое мог совершить муж погибшей – врач Томас Сметхёрст. Первоначальные данные расследования, опиравшиеся на авторитеты в сфере токсикологии, подтверждали это предположение, и на первых судебных слушаниях доктор был признан виновным. Из результатов расследования следовало, что врач отравил свою супругу мышьяком. Томасу Сметхёрсту был вынесен смертный приговор. Однако дальнейшее изучение материалов дела привело к кардинальным переменам: токсикологическое исследование оказалось ошибочным. В патологоанатомическом отчете указывалось, что в толстом кишечнике «слизистая оболочка была изъязвлена от края до края». Там были язвы всех размеров, чаще всего размером с «шестипенсовую монету» и «в основном изолированные, хотя некоторые сливались воедино». В слепой кишке «наблюдалось воспаление наиболее острого и интенсивного характера... под ним была видна обнаженная мышечная оболочка... Другим поразительным явлением на внутренней поверхности кишечника, помимо шелушения и изъязвлений, было излияние крови, которое наблюдалось повсюду, но особенно в слепой кишке». Врач был оправдан, а смерть Изабеллы Бэнкс была расценена как проявление заболевания. Заключение. В последующем это заболевание отнесли к воспалительным заболеваниям кишечника. Длительное время оно расценивалось как первое описание язвенного колита, однако в последнее время многими специалистами рассматривается как первое описание болезни Крона. Непосредственная причина смерти Изабеллы Бэнкс остается невыясненной; авторами статьи предполагается возможность ее наступления в результате развития токсического мегаколона.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. The first scientific description of inflammatory bowel disease refers to the pathologoanatomic work of Samuel Wilkes. This sectional research is related to a real detective story, which had a great public response in Victorian England. The story focuses on the death of Isabella Banks, which happened with the occurrence of fast-flowing intestinal disease. The young woman had been suffering for several weeks and died mysteriously. During the investigation of the case, there was a supposition that there was poisoning, which could have been committed by the husband of the dead, a doctor Thomas Smethurst. The initial data of the investigation, based on authorities in the field of toxicology, confirmed this supposition, and at the first court hearings the doctor was found guilty. According to the results of the investigation, the doctor poisoned his wife with arsenic. Thomas Smethurst was given a death sentence. However, further investigation led to fundamental changes: the toxicological examination turned out to be misleading. The pathology report stated that in the large intestine, "the mucous membrane was ulcerated from edge to edge". There were ulcers of all sizes, most often the size of a "sixpence coin" and "mostly isolated, although some fused together”. In the blind intestine "there was inflammation of the most acute and intense character ... beneath it the exposed muscular membrane was visible... Another striking phenomenon on the inner surface of the intestine, besides desquamation and ulceration, was the effusion of blood, which was observed everywhere, but especially in the blind intestine". The doctor was acquitted, and the death of Isabella Banks was regarded as the manifestation of the disease.Conclusion. Subsequently, this disease was related to inflammatory bowel diseases; for a long time it was regarded as the first description of ulcerative colitis, however, recently, a lot of experts have considered it as the first description of Crohn's disease. The real cause of Isabella Banks' death is still unclear, although the authors of the article suggest the possibility of the development of toxic megacolon.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>воспалительное заболевание кишечника</kwd><kwd>язвенный колит</kwd><kwd>болезнь Крона</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inflammatory bowel disease</kwd><kwd>ulcerative colitis</kwd><kwd>Crohn's disease</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Letter from Dr. Thomas Smethurst. The Case of Thomas Smethurst. Lancet. 1859; Sept. 3: 246-247.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Letter from Dr. Thomas Smethurst. The Case of Thomas Smethurst. Lancet. 1859; Sept. 3: 246-247.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fielding J. F. "Inflammatory" bowel disease. 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