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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2023.26.12.007</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-1165</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТРАНИЧКА ПЕДИАТРА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRICIAN’S PAGE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фармакогеномика в детской онкологии: возможности преодоления токсичности противоопухолевой терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacogenomics in pediatric oncology: possibility to overcome drug-induced toxicity of anticancer treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2003-0982</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Диникина</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dinikina</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Диникина Юлия Валерьевна, к.м.н., детский онколог, заведующая отделением химиотерапии онкогематологических заболеваний и трансплантации костного мозга для детей, заведующая научно-исследовательской лабораторией детской нейроиммуноонкологии Научного центра мирового уровня «Центр персонализированной медицины»</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Dinikina, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), pediatric oncologist, Head of the Department of chemotherapy of oncohematological diseases and bone marrow transplantation for children, Head of the Research laboratory of pediatric neuroimmuno-oncology at the world-class Scientific Center «Center for Personalized Medicine»</p><p>2 Akkuratova str., St. Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dinikinayulia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4529-7891</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Имянитов</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Imyanitov</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Имянитов Евгений Наумович, д.м.н., профессор, академик Российской академии наук, заведующий научным отделом биологии опухолевого роста, генетик</p><p>197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, ул. Ленинградская, 68</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny N. Imyanitov, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Scientific department of tumor growth biology, geneticist</p><p>68 Leningradskaya str., Pesochny village, St. Petersburg, 197758</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgeny@imyanitov.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-7181</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белогурова</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belogurova</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белогурова Маргарита Борисовна, д.м.н., профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории детской нейроиммуноонкологии Научного центра мирового уровня «Центр персонализированной медицины»</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Margarita B. Belogurova, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Leading researcher at the Research laboratory of pediatric neuroimmuno-oncology at the worldclass Scientific Center «Center for Personalized Medicine»</p><p>2 Akkuratova str., St. Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">deton.hospital31@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4013-0785</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>И. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>I. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитина Ирина Леоровна, д.м.н., профессор, заведующая научно-исследовательской лабораторией детской эндокринологии Института эндокринологии, заведующая кафедрой детских болезней с клиникой Института медицинского образования</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina L. Nikitina, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Research Laboratory of Pediatric Endocrinology of Institute of Endocrinology, Head of the Department of Childhood Diseases with the Clinic of the Institute of Medical Education</p><p>2 Akkuratova str., St. Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitina0901@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр&#13;
имени В. А. Алмазова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution Almazov National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр&#13;
онкологии имени Н. Н. Петрова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N. N. Petrov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Диникина Ю.В., Имянитов Е.Н., Белогурова М.Б., Никитина И.Л., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Диникина Ю.В., Имянитов Е.Н., Белогурова М.Б., Никитина И.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dinikina Y.V., Imyanitov E.N., Belogurova M.B., Nikitina I.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1165">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1165</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. На сегодняшний день возрастает актуальность вопросов ранней и отдаленной токсичности противоопухолевой терапии, особенно у пациентов детского возраста. Осложнения лечения онкологических заболеваний могут являться причиной летальности, органных нарушений различной степени тяжести, последующей инвалидизации, значимого негативного влияния на психосоциальную сферу и снижения качества жизни пациентов и их семей. Это определяет необходимость поиска факторов риска лекарственно-индуцированной токсичности и возможностей коррекции специфической и сопроводительной терапии, в том числе с применением новых лекарственных препаратов таргетной и иммунотерапии. Развитие технологий секвенирования генома человека и их внедрение в клиническую практику делают возможной индивидуализацию лечения на основании генетических особенностей человека. Фармакогеномика как отрасль фармацевтики и фармакологии играет одну из ключевых ролей в аспектах прогнозирования нежелательных явлений и резистентности к противоопухолевому лечению. Основными проблемами остаются ограниченное число проводимых исследований в данной области, малые и неоднородные когорты пациентов, относительная редкость онкологических заболеваний у детей, что обусловливает трудности при интерпретации получаемых данных и определении их клинической значимости.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В статье представлены современные литературные данные о влиянии генетических вариаций на безопасность и эффективность противоопухолевой терапии у детей, их диагностической, терапевтической и прогностической ценности, а также возможности управления используемыми протоколами лечения, в том числе путем снижения их интенсивности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Short-term and long-term toxicities of anticancer treatment are of increasing relevance, especially in children. Adverse events of anticancer treatment can cause mortality, organ toxicity of varying severity, subsequent disability, significant negative impact on psychosocial functioning and quality of life of patients and their families. This warrants the need for research on risk factors of drug-induced toxicity and new therapeutic approaches aimed to minimize the negative effects of anticancer and concomitant therapy, including new targeted drugs and immunotherapy. The development of human genome sequencing technologies and its integration into clinical practice, make possible treatment personification based on personal genetic variations. Pharmacogenomics, as a branch of pharmaceutics and pharmacology, plays a key role in predicting drug-induced toxicity and resistance to anticancer treatment in each patient. The main problem is the limited number of clinical studies in this area, small and heterogeneous cohorts of patients and the relative rarity of malignancies in childhood, that makes difficult to interpret obtained data and determine their clinical significance.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. This article presents current literature data on clinically significant drug-gene associations and their therapeutic value on the safety and efficacy of anticancer therapy in pediatric patients, their diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic value, as well as the opportunities of genome-guided managing treatment protocols, including option of rescue therapy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>детская онкология</kwd><kwd>лекарственная безопасность</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>фармакогеномика</kwd><kwd>генетические риски</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>pediatric oncology</kwd><kwd>drug safety</kwd><kwd>effectiveness</kwd><kwd>pharmacogenomics</kwd><kwd>genetic risks</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (соглашение № 075-15-2022-301). Работа Е. Н. Имянитова поддержана грантом Российского научного фонда № 23-45-10038.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Agreement № 075-15-2022-301). E. N. Imyanitov is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant № 23-45-10038).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aagard L., Christensen A., Hansen E. H. Information about adverse drug reactions reported in children: a qualitative review of empirical studies. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2010; 70 (4): 481-491. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03682.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aagard L., Christensen A., Hansen E. H. Information about adverse drug reactions reported in children: a qualitative review of empirical studies. 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