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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство "Открытые системы"»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2023.26.11.011</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-1154</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНАЯ ТЕМА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TOPICAL THEME</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клиническое значение перивентрикулярной лейкомаляции в формировании детского церебрального паралича</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical significance of periventricular leukomalacia in the formation cerebral palsy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-7896</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирилочев</surname><given-names>О. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirilochev</surname><given-names>O. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Константинович Кирилочев, д. м. н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой</p><p>кафедра анестезиологии и реаниматологии</p><p>414000</p><p>ул. Бакинская, 121</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg K. Kirilochev, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department</p><p>Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology</p><p>414000</p><p>121 Bakinskaya str.</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirilochevoleg@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2480-6407</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасова</surname><given-names>З. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasova</surname><given-names>Z. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зоя Германовна Тарасова, к. м. н, ассистент</p><p>кафедра госпитальной педиатрии с курсом последипломного образования </p><p>414000</p><p>ул. Бакинская, 121</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zoya G. Tarasova, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Assistant</p><p>Department of Hospital Pediatrics with a postgraduate course</p><p>414000</p><p>121 Bakinskaya str.</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zoya_isenalieva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5663-9220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эйберман</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eiberman</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Семёнович Эйберман, д. м. н., профессор</p><p>кафедра госпитальной педиатрии и неонатологии</p><p>410000</p><p>ул. Большая Садовая, 137</p><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr S. Eiberman, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>Department of Hospital Pediatrics and Neonatology</p><p>410000</p><p>137 Bolshaya Sadovaya str.</p><p>Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aberman@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4634-3696</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочкова</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bochkova</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лариса Геннадьевна Бочкова, к. м. н., доцент</p><p>кафедра госпитальной педиатрии и неонатологии</p><p>410000</p><p>ул. Большая Садовая, 137</p><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa G. Bochkova, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p><p>Department of Hospital Pediatrics and Neonatology</p><p>410000</p><p>137 Bolshaya Sadovaya str.</p><p>Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Lu_lg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Астраханский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Astrakhan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Саратовский государственный медицинский университет имени В. И. Разумовского Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Saratov State Medical University named after&#13;
V. I. Razumovsky of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кирилочев О.К., Тарасова З.Г., Эйберман А.С., Бочкова Л.Г., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кирилочев О.К., Тарасова З.Г., Эйберман А.С., Бочкова Л.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kirilochev O.K., Tarasova Z.G., Eiberman A.S., Bochkova L.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1154">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1154</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Введение</title><p>   Введение. Детский церебральный паралич – одна из главных причин детской инвалидности. При этом основная форма повреждения головного мозга – перивентрикулярная лейкомаляция, предпочтительным методом диагностики которой является ультразвуковое исследование.</p></sec><sec><title>   Цель работы</title><p>   Цель работы. Изучить особенности течения, характер структурных изменений и клиническое значение перивентрикулярной лейкомаляции в формировании детского церебрального паралича.</p><p>   Дизайн исследования – проспективное, обсервационное, одноцентровое. Все пациенты изначально находились в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии вследствие наличия у них полиорганной недостаточности. Критерии включения: новорожденные с перинатальными поражениями центральной нервной системы в сочетании со структурными изменениями головного мозга по данным ультразвукового исследования. Критерии исключения: новорожденные с перинатальными поражениями центральной нервной системы с отсутствием структурных изменений головного мозга по данным ультразвукового исследования. Клиническое наблюдение за пациентами начиналось в неонатальном периоде. В дальнейшем проводилось динамическое наблюдение с оценкой состояния нервной системы до 4 лет. Для объективной оценки психомоторного развития детей на первом году жизни ежемесячно использовался метод количественной оценки возрастного развития ребенка по шкале Л. Т. Журбы и Е. А. Мастюковой.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. Под наблюдением находились 115 пациентов (доношенные – 31, недоношенные – 84). Формирующийся и сформированный детский церебральный паралич был диагностирован у 20 пациентов. Ведущей нозологической формой поражения центральной нервной системы в неонатальном периоде была церебральная ишемия (95 %). У 80 % пациентов структурные изменения в головном мозге по данным ультразвукового исследования были в виде перивентрикулярной лейкомаляции. Выявлялись как некистозные (10 детей), так и кистозные формы (6). Уровень психомоторного развития по Л. Т. Журбе и Е. А. Мастюковой в возрасте 3 месяцев составлял 6,8 ± 0,65 балла; в 6 месяцев – 8,9 ± 0,77 балла; в 1 год – 12,2 ± 0,78, что свидетельствовало о тотальной грубой задержке психомоторного развития на первом году жизни. У больных детским церебральным параличом в возрасте одного года регистрировалась атрофическая водянка головного мозга с наличием патогномоничного признака – расширения третьего желудочка пропорционально боковым желудочкам мозга, что связано с дефицитом олигодендроглии и миелина при перивентрикулярной лейкомаляции. У 16 выживших детей сформировались следующие органические поражения центральной нервной системы: детский церебральныйпаралич, двойная гемиплегия тяжелой степени, симптоматическая эпилепсия (5 детей; 31,3 %); детский церебральный паралич, двойная гемиплегия тяжелой степени (5 детей; 31,3 %); детский церебральный паралич, спастическая диплегия (6 детей; 37,4 %).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Background</title><p>   Background. Cerebral palsy is one of the main causes of childhood disability. In this case, the main form of brain damage is periventricular leukomalacia, the preferred diagnostic method for which is ultrasound.</p></sec><sec><title>   Objective</title><p>   Objective. Objective of the study: to study the features of the course, the nature of structural changes and the clinical significance of periventricular leukomalacia in the formation of cerebral palsy. The study design wasa prospective, observational, single-center study.</p><p>   All patients were initially in the intensive care unit due to the presence of multiple organ failure. Inclusion criteria: newborns with perinatal lesions of the central nervous system in combination with structural changes in the brain according to ultrasound. Exclusion criteria: newborns with perinatal lesions of the central nervous system with no structural changes in the brain according to ultrasound. Clinical observation of patients began in the neonatal period. Subsequently, dynamic observation was carried out with an assessment of the state of the nervous system up to 4 years. For an objective assessment of the psychomotor development of children in the first year of life, the method of quantitative assessment of the child's age development according to the L. T. Zhurba and E. A. Mastyukova.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. 115 patients were under observation (full-term – 31, premature – 84). Forming and formed cerebral palsy was diagnosed in 20 patients. The leading nosological form of damage to the central nervous system in the neonatal period in patients was cerebral ischemia (95 %). In 80 % of patients, structural changes in the brain, according to ultrasound, were in the form of periventricular leukomalacia. Both non-cystic forms (10 patients) and cystic forms (6) were identified. The level of psychomotor development according to L. T. Zhurba and E. A. Mastyukova at the age of 3 months was 6.8 ± 0.65 points; at 6 months – 8.9 ± 0.77 points; at 1 year – 12.2 ± 0.78, which indicated a total gross delay in psychomotor development in the first year of life. In patients with cerebral palsy at the age of 1-year, atrophic dropsy of the brain was recorded with the presence of a pathognomonic sign – expansion of the third ventricle in proportion to the lateral ventricles of the brain, which is associated with a deficiency of oligodendroglia and myelin in periventricular leukomalacia. In 16 surviving children, the following organic lesions of the central nervous system were formed: cerebral palsy, severe double hemiplegia, symptomatic epilepsy (5 children; 31.3 %); cerebral palsy, severe double hemiplegia (5 children; 31.3 %); cerebral palsy, spastic diplegia (6 children; 37.4 %).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>новорожденные</kwd><kwd>недоношенные</kwd><kwd>ишемия головного мозга</kwd><kwd>перивентрикулярные поражения центральной нервной системы</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>перивентрикулярная лейкомаляция</kwd><kwd>атрофическая водянка головного мозга</kwd><kwd>психомоторное развитие</kwd><kwd>детский церебральный паралич</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>newborns</kwd><kwd>premature infants</kwd><kwd>cerebral ischemia</kwd><kwd>periventricular lesions of the central nervous system</kwd><kwd>ultrasound</kwd><kwd>periventricular leukomalacia</kwd><kwd>atrophic dropsy of the brain</kwd><kwd>psychomotor development</kwd><kwd>cerebral palsy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Back S. 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