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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2023.26.6.005</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-1083</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕДИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лактазная недостаточность:  современная концепция питания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lactase insufficiency: a modern concept of nutrition</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1228-443X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бельмер</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belmer</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Викторович, д.м.н., профессор кафедры госпитальной педиатрии № 2 педиатрического факультета</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Belmer, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Hospital Pediatrics No. 2 of the Faculty of Pediatrics </p><p>1 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belmersv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher &#13;
Education Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бельмер С.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бельмер С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belmer S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1083">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1083</self-uri><abstract><p>Лактазная недостаточность широко распространена по всему миру. Развитие клинических симптомов при лактазной недостаточности обусловлено метаболизмом лактозы, нерасщепленной в тонкой кишке и перерабатываемой преимущественно микроорганизмами толстой кишки с образованием короткоцепочечных жирных кислот и газов, приводящих к развитию диареи, метеоризма и нередко болевого синдрома. Постановка предварительного диагноза на основании жалоб и клинической картины относительно проста, однако для подтверждения окончательного диагноза разработано достаточно много методов. К ним относятся, в частности, гликемический тест с нагрузкой лактозой и дыхательный тест с определением водорода в выдыхаемом воздухе после нагрузки лактозой. Также возможны исследование активности лактазы в биоптатах слизистой оболочки тонкой кишки и генетическое исследование. Также в амбулаторной педиатрической практике используется определение углеводов в кале. Данный анализ не является специфичным, но может помочь в диагностике синдрома мальабсорбции углеводов, особенно у детей первых месяцев жизни. Общая концепция питания при лактазной недостаточности включает в себя ограничение лактозы в диете путем исключения содержащих лактозу продуктов или назначения заместительной терапии ферментами (лактазой). При этом степень ограничения зависит от степени непереносимости лактозы и лактоза может оставаться в питании в переносимых количествах. Безмолочная диета не рекомендуется, т. к. молоко является важным источником необходимых для роста и метаболизма нутриентов, особенно в детском возрасте. Значение молока в этом отношении сохраняется и у взрослых. Большинство лиц с лактазной недостаточностью могут переносить кисломолочные продукты с пониженным содержанием лактозы. Употребление пробиотиков способствует уменьшению клинической симптоматики лактазной недостаточности. Возможно также употребление безлактозных молочных продуктов промышленного производства. Важным остается коррекция возможного дефицита минералов и витаминов в условиях ограничения молочных продуктов в рационе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Lactase insufficiency is widespread throughout the world. The development of clinical symptoms in lactase deficiency is due to the metabolism of lactose, which is not broken down in the small intestine and processed mainly by colon microorganisms with the formation of short-chain fatty acids and gases, leading to the development of diarrhea, flatulence, and often pain. Making a preliminary diagnosis based on complaints and the clinical picture is relatively simple, but a lot of methods have been developed to confirm the final diagnosis. These include, in particular, a glycemic test with a lactose load and a breath test with the determination of hydrogen in exhaled air after a lactose load. It is also possible to study the activity of lactase in biopsies of the mucous membrane of the small intestine and genetic research. Also in outpatient pediatric practice, the determination of carbohydrates in feces is used. This analysis is not specific, but can help in the diagnosis of carbohydrate malabsorption syndrome, especially in children in the first months of life. The general concept of nutrition in lactase insufficiency includes limiting lactose in the diet by eliminating lactose-containing foods or prescribing enzyme (lactase) replacement therapy. However, the degree of restriction depends on the degree of lactose intolerance and lactose can remain in the diet in tolerable amounts. A dairy-free diet is not recommended because milk is an important source of nutrients necessary for growth and metabolism, especially in childhood. The importance of milk in this regard is preserved in adults. Most individuals with lactase insufficiency can tolerate lactose-reduced fermented milk products. The use of probiotics helps to reduce the clinical symptoms of lactase insufficiency. It is also possible to use industrial lactose-free dairy products. It is important to correct a possible deficiency of minerals and vitamins in conditions of restriction of dairy products in the diet.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лактоза</kwd><kwd>лактаза</kwd><kwd>лактазная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>непереносимость лактозы</kwd><kwd>диетотерапия</kwd><kwd>ферментотерапия</kwd><kwd>вскармливание</kwd><kwd>прикорм</kwd><kwd>остеопороз</kwd><kwd>кальций</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lactose</kwd><kwd>lactase</kwd><kwd>lactase insufficiency</kwd><kwd>lactose intolerance</kwd><kwd>diet therapy</kwd><kwd>enzyme therapy</kwd><kwd>feeding</kwd><kwd>complementary foods</kwd><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>calcium</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suchy F. J., Brannon P. M., Carpenter T. O., Fernandez J. 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