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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство "Открытые системы"»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2023.26.5.008</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-1074</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНАЯ ТЕМА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TOPICAL THEME</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Когнитивные нарушения у пациентов молодого и среднего возраста</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cognitive impairment in young and middle-aged patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2604-3485</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демьяновская</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demianovskaya</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демьяновская Екатерина Геннадьевна, к.м.н., невролог; доцент кафедры неврологии </p><p>125310, Россия, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, 63</p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко,19, с. 1А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina G. Demianovskaya, MD, Neurologist; Associate Professor of the Department of Neurology </p><p>63 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow, 125310</p><p>19 Marshala Timoshenko str., p. 1A, Moscow, 121359</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gamovaeg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9831-9922</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильев Алексей Сергеевич, к.м.н., заведующий учебной частью, доцент кафедры неврологии </p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко,19, с. 1А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey S. Vasilev, MD, Head of Education, Associate Professor of the Department of Neurology </p><p>19 Marshala Timoshenko str., p. 1A, Moscow, 121359</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexvasiliev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6802-2789</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмырев</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmyrev</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шмырев Владимир Иванович, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой неврологии </p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко,19, с. 1А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir I. Shmyrev, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Neurology </p><p>19 Marshala Timoshenko str., p. 1A, Moscow, 121359</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexvasiliev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Инфекционная клиническая больница № 1 &#13;
Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы; Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования &#13;
Центральная государственная медицинская академия Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Budgetary Healthcare Institution Infectious Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Moscow Department of Healthcare; Federal State Budgetary Institution of Additional Professional Education Central State Medical Academy of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования &#13;
Центральная государственная медицинская академия Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Additional Professional Education Central State Medical Academy of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования &#13;
Центральная государственная медицинская академия Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Additional Professional Education Central State Medical Academy of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Демьяновская Е.Г., Васильев А.С., Шмырев В.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Демьяновская Е.Г., Васильев А.С., Шмырев В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Demianovskaya E.G., Vasilev A.S., Shmyrev V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1074">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1074</self-uri><abstract><p>В рутинной практике неврологу и врачам смежных специальностей приходится нередко сталкиваться с жалобами на когнитивные нарушения у пациентов молодого и среднего возраста, такими как ухудшение памяти и работоспособности, снижение концентрации внимания, повышенная отвлекаемость, трудности при обучении и приобретении новых профессиональных навыков. На международном уровне определены модифицируемые факторы ухудшения когнитивных функций для лиц в возрасте от 45 до 60 лет, среди которых присутствует артериальная гипертензия. Сформулированы рекомендации по поддержанию когнитивного здоровья. Лекарственная терапия когнитивных расстройств различной степени тяжести остается предметом для обсуждения, продолжается накопление доказательной базы. Ряд экспертов считает, что на этапе легких и умеренных когнитивных расстройств целесообразно воздействие на глутаматергическую, норадренергическую, дофаминергическую нейротрансмиттерные системы. Указывается целесообразность назначения комбинации сосудистого и ноотропного активных веществ, в том числе в составе комбинированных препаратов. К таким лекарственным средствам относится препарат, содержащий экстракт листьев гинкго двулопастного и никотиноил гамма-аминомасляную кислоту. Для каждого из этих компонентов имеется патогенетическое обоснование эффективности при легких и умеренных когнитивных расстройствах. Эффективность препарата при когнитивном дефиците у пациентов, в том числе среднего возраста, подтверждена в многоцентровом рандомизированном открытом сравнительном исследовании клинической эффективности и безопасности препарата у пациентов с когнитивными нарушениями и хронической ишемией головного мозга, которое было проведено в 5 клинических центрах, расположенных на территории России. У пациентов с сосудистыми когнитивными нарушениями, в том числе среднего возраста, было показано увеличение баллов по нейрокогнитивным шкалам на фоне применения комбинированного препарата, достоверно превосходящее монотерапию препаратом на основе гинкго билоба. Положительная динамика была особенно значительной у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией. Авторы исследования заключили, что комбинированный препарат является эффективным и перспективным средством для терапии когнитивных нарушений, в том числе средней возрастной категории.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In routine practice, neurologists and doctors of related specialties often have to deal with complaints of cognitive impairment in young and middle-aged patients, such as deterioration of memory and performance, decreased concentration, increased distraction, difficulties in learning and acquiring new professional skills. Such complaints in people of working age require special attention, differential diagnosis, identification of the root causes of such complaints. In order to objectify the presence and clarify the nature of the cognitive defect, all patients with cognitive complaints, in addition to assessing the neurological status, need to conduct a neuropsychological study with an assessment of the emotional and behavioral sphere. At the international arena, modifiable factors of cognitive impairment have been identified for people aged 45 to 60 years, among which there is arterial hypertension. Recommendations for maintaining cognitive health are formulated in order to prevent the deepening of cognitive defect. Medicamentous therapy of cognitive disorders of varying severity remains a subject for discussion, the accumulation of evidence continues. A number of experts believe that at the stage of mild and moderate cognitive disorders, it is advisable to influence the glutamatergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems. The expediency of prescribing a combination of vascular and nootropic active substances, including as part of combined preparations, is indicated. Such medications include the drug, containing an extract of the leaves of ginkgo biloba and nicotinoyl gamma-aminobutyric acid. For each of these components, there is a pathogenetic justification for efficacy in mild and moderate cognitive disorders. The efficacy of the drug in cognitive deficits in patients, including middle-aged, was confirmed in a multicenter randomized open comparative study of the clinical efficacy and safety of the drug in patients with cognitive impairment and chronic cerebral ischemia, which was conducted in 5 clinical centers located in Russia. In patients with vascular cognitive impairment, including middle-aged, an increase in scores on neurocognitive scales was shown against the background of the use of the combined drug, significantly superior to monotherapy with a drug based on ginkgo biloba. The positive dynamics was especially significant in patients with arterial hypertension. The authors of the study concluded that the combined drug is an effective and promising tool for the treatment of cognitive impairment in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia, including the middle age category.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>молодые</kwd><kwd>средний возраст</kwd><kwd>деменция</kwd><kwd>никотиноил гамма-аминомасляная кислота</kwd><kwd>гинкго билоба</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>young</kwd><kwd>middle age</kwd><kwd>dementia</kwd><kwd>nicotinoyl gamma-aminobutyric acid</kwd><kwd>ginkgo biloba</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patterson C. World Alzheimer report 2018. Alzheimer's Disease International, London 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patterson C. World Alzheimer report 2018. 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