lvrachЛечащий ВрачLechaschi Vrach1560-51752687-118110.51793/OS.2023.26.4.003lvrach-1059Research ArticleПСИХОНЕВРОЛОГИЯPSYCHONEUROLOGYГуморальная регуляция пищевого поведения: устоявшиеся и новые концепцииHumoral regulation of eating behavior: established and new conceptshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0838ЛялюковаЕ. А.LjaljukovaE. A.

Лялюкова Елена Александровна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры внутренних болезней и семейной медицины ДПО.

644037, Омск, ул. Петра Некрасова, 5

Elena A. Ljaljukova - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Professor of the Department of Internal Medicine and Family Medicine of the Faculty of Additional Professional Education.

5 Petr Nekrasov str., Omsk, 644037

lyalykova@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6261-6781БеслангуроваЗ. А.BeslangurovaZ. A.

Беслангурова Зарема Аслановна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии.

385000, Майкоп, ул. Пушкина, 177

Zarema A. Beslangurova - MD, Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

177 Pushkina Str., Maykop, 385000

beszarema@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1092-4269ЧамоковаА. Я.ChamokovaA. Ya.

Чамокова Ася Январовна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры физиологии и общей патологии.

385000, Майкоп, ул. Пушкина, 177

Asiya Ya. Chamokova - MD, Associate Professor of the Department of Physiology and General Pathology.

177 Pushkina Str., Maykop, 385000

achamokova@mkgtu.ruХалаштеА. А.HalashteA. A.

Халаште Айдамиркан Аскерович - преподаватель кафедры госпитальной терапии и последипломного образования.

385000, Майкоп, ул. Пушкина, 177

Aidamirkan A. Halashte - lecturer of the Department of Hospital Therapy and Postgraduate Education.

177 Pushkina Str., Maykop, 385000

Khalashte007@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4475-5168МигуноваЮ. Ю.MigunovaYu. Yu.

Мигунова Юлия Юрьевна - к.с.н., доцент кафедры физиологии и общей патологии.

385000, Майкоп, ул. Пушкина, 177

Yuliya Yu. Migunova - Cand. of Sci. (Soc.), Associate Professor of the Department of Physiology and General Pathology.

177 Pushkina Str., Maykop, 385000

migunovajulia@mail.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Омский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Omsk State Medical University oof the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Майкопский государственный технологический университетРоссияFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Maikop State Technological UniversityRussian Federation202311062023042328Copyright © Лялюкова Е.А., Беслангурова З.А., Чамокова А.Я., Халаште А.А., Мигунова Ю.Ю., 20232023Лялюкова Е.А., Беслангурова З.А., Чамокова А.Я., Халаште А.А., Мигунова Ю.Ю.Ljaljukova E.A., Beslangurova Z.A., Chamokova A.Y., Halashte A.A., Migunova Y.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1059

Понимание мотивационных факторов, определяющих выбор продуктов и особенности питания, важно для борьбы с эпидемиями ожирения, диабета и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Пищевое поведение находится под контролем сложной системы, которая включает взаимодействие центральных и гуморальных звеньев регуляции. В обеспечении центральных механизмов ключевую роль играют кора и зоны вознаграждения в лимбической системе («гедоническая» регуляция), в которых анализируются стимулы, поступающие из окружающей среды: пищевые (внешний вид, вкус, запах пищи), непищевые (эмоциональный дискомфорт, стресс), и гипоталамус, стимуляция вентромедиальных ядер которого сопровождается снижением аппетита, а стимуляция латеральных – усилением. Ведущую роль в обеспечении гуморальной (гомеостатической, периферической) регуляции играют гормоны желудочно-кишечного тракта и жировой ткани, обладающие орексигенными или анорексигенными эффектами, среди них: грелин, глюкагон-подобный пептид, обестатин, лептин, холецистокинин, глюкозозависимый инсулинотропный полипептид, секретин, пептид тирозин-тирозин, инсулин, инсулиноподобный пептид, нейротензин, субстанция Р и многие другие. Энтероэндокринные клетки различаются по распределению в желудочно-кишечном тракте, от желудка до прямой кишки и включают различные физиологические реакции на каждом этапе пищеварительного процесса. Использование методов нейровизуализации для демонстрации специфических реакций в ответ на пищевой стимул позволяет подтвердить существующие гуморальные нарушения на уровне «кишечник – мозг». Изучение гормонов пищевого поведения помогает объяснить, почему существует тяготение к определенному выбору продуктов, как модифицировать это поведение и пищевые предпочтения. Знание биологических механизмов, управляющих пищевым поведением, поможет обеспечить эффективность лечения ожирения и связанных с ним расстройств. Инъекция гормонов, регулирующих пищевое поведение, сопровождается активацией соответствующих участков мозга, участвующих в регуляции пищевого поведения. Персонализированная медицина, направленная на поведенческую и фармакологическую коррекцию нарушений гормонального статуса, является перспективной современной медицинской практикой. Цель обзора – представить новые научные данные о нейрогуморальных механизмах в формировании пищевого поведения.

Understanding of the motivational factors behind food choices and eating habits is essential to combating the epidemics of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Eating behavior is controlled by a complex system, which includes the interaction of central and humoral links of regulation. Regarding the central mechanisms, the key role is played by the cortex and reward zones in the limbic system (″hedonic″ regulation), in which the triggers coming from the environment are analyzed: food (appearance, taste, smell of food), non-food (emotional discomfort, stress), and the hypothalamus, stimulation of the ventromedial nuclei of which is accompanied by a decrease in appetite, and stimulation is accompanied by an increase. The leading role in providing humoral (homeostatic, peripheral) regulation is played by hormones of the gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue, which have orexigenic or anorexigenic effects, among them: ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide, obestatin, leptin, cholecystokinin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, secretin, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine, insulin, insulin-like peptide, neurotensin, substance P and many others. Enteroendocrine cells vary in distribution throughout the gastrointestinal tract, from the stomach to the rectum, and involve different physiological responses at each stage of the digestive process. The use of neuroimaging methods to demonstrate specific reactions in response to a food stimulus makes it possible to confirm existing humoral disorders at the ″gut – brain″ level. The study of eating hormones helps explain why cravings for certain food choices exist, how to modify these behaviors and food preferences. Knowledge of the biological mechanisms governing eating behavior will help ensure the effectiveness of the treatment of obesity and related disorders. The injection of hormones that regulate eating behavior is accompanied by the activation of the corresponding brain regions involved in the regulation of eating behavior. Personalized medicine aimed at behavioral and pharmacological correction of hormonal status disorders is a promising modern medical practice. The purpose of the review is to present new scientific data on neurohumoral mechanisms in the formation of eating behavior.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.