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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lvrach</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лечащий Врач</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lechaschi Vrach</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1560-5175</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1181</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51793/OS.2023.26.1.005</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lvrach-1019</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕДИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы формирования кишечной микрофлоры: акцент на липиды</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Intestinal microflora shaping factors: emphasis on lipids</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1228-443X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бельмер</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belmer</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бельмер Сергей Викторович, д.м.н., профессор кафедры госпитальной педиатрии № 2 педиатрического факультета</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Belmer, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Hospital Pediatrics No. 2 of the Faculty of Pediatrics</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belmersv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бельмер С.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бельмер С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belmer S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1019">https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1019</self-uri><abstract><p>Cовокупность тесно взаимодействующих между собой и с клетками человека микроорганизмов в настоящее время  рассматривается как еще один орган в организме человека, получивший название «микробиота». Функции микробиоты кишечника весьма разнообразны: антиинфекционная защита, модулирование воспалительного и иммунного ответа, синтез необходимых для организма соединений (например, витаминов, короткоцепочечных жирных кислот), участие в переваривании ряда питательных веществ, а также регуляция кишечной моторики, пролиферации и дифференцировки эпителиальных клеток кишечника. Именно кишечник является наиболее плотно заселенным биотопом организма человека, а популяция микроорганизмов желудочно-кишечного тракта самая разнообразная и многочисленная. Заселение желудочно-кишечного тракта начинается внутриутробно и вступает в активную фазу после рождения. Дальнейшая прогрессирующая колонизация пищеварительного тракта ребенка в первые месяцы жизни обеспечивается вагинальной микрофлорой матери при естественных родах, а также при кормлении грудью, контактах с окружающей средой, последовательном введении в рацион питания разнообразных продуктов. В исследовании L. Wang и соавт. (2021) был проанализирован рост нескольких видов бактерий, доминирующих в кишечнике младенцев, путем культивирования на средах с пальмитатом кальция. Данное исследование было проведено сотрудниками отдела медицинской микробиологии университета Гронингена (Нидерланды), медицинской клиники университета Гронингена и компании, производящей смеси на основе козьего молока. Из всех протестированных бактерий рост бифидобактерий и F. prausnitzii снижался при введении в среду пальмитата кальция, а рост Bifidobacterium infantis полностью прекращался. Пальмитат кальция снижал толщину клеточной оболочки F. prausnitzii, нарушал жирнокислотный состав клеточной мембраны и функцию мембранных белков, участвующих в транспорте ионов. Полученные данные говорят о том, что модификация жира смесей для искусственного вскармливания путем введения β-пальмитата может способствовать развитию микробиоты кишечника у детей, находящихся на искусственном вскармливании, поддерживая колонизацию важных полезных бактерий в раннем возрасте.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The totality of microorganisms closely interacting with each other and with human cells is currently considered as another organ in the human body and is called the «microbiota». The functions of the intestinal microbiota are very diverse: anti-infective protection, modulation of the inflammatory and immune response, synthesis of compounds necessary for the body (for example, vitamins, shortchain fatty acids), participation in the digestion of a number of nutrients, as well as the regulation of intestinal motility, proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. It is the intestine that is the most densely populated biotope of the human body, and the population of microorganisms of the gastrointestinal tract is the most diverse and numerous. The settlement of the gastrointestinal tract begins in utero and enters the active phase after birth. Further progressive colonization of the child's digestive tract in the first months of life is provided by the mother's vaginal microflora during natural childbirth, breastfeeding, contact with the environment, as well as the consistent introduction of a variety of foods into the diet. In the study of L. Wang et al. (2021) analyzed the growth of several species of bacteria that dominate the intestines of infants by culturing on calcium palmitate media. This study was carried out by the Department of Medical Microbiology of the University of Groningen (Netherlands), the Medical Clinic of the University of Groningen and a goat milk formula company. Of all the tested bacteria, the growth of bifidobacteria and F. prausnitzii decreased when calcium palmitate was introduced into the medium, and the growth of Bifidobacterium infantis was completely stopped. Calcium palmitate reduced the thickness of the F.prausnitzii cell membrane, disrupted the fatty acid composition of the cell membrane and the function of membrane proteins involved in ion transport. The findings indicate that modification of the fat of formula-feeding formulas by the administrationof β-palmitate may promote the development of the gut microbiota in formula-fed infants by supporting the colonization of important beneficial bacteria at an early age.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кишечная микрофлора</kwd><kwd>пальмитиновая кислота</kwd><kwd>кальция пальмитат</kwd><kwd>бета-пальмитат</kwd><kwd>кишечное всасывание</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intestinal microflora</kwd><kwd>palmitic acid</kwd><kwd>calcium palmitate</kwd><kwd>beta-palmitate</kwd><kwd>intestinal absorption</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кишечная микробиота у детей: норма, нарушения, коррекция / Под ред. С. В. Бельмера и А. И. Хавкина. 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: ИД «МЕДПРАКТИКА-М», 2020. 472 с. 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